1  Cover

      2  Title Page

      3  Copyright Page

      4  About the Editors

      5  List of Contributors

      6  Preface

      7  Acknowledgments

      8  1 An Introduction to Microbial Biodiversity and Bioprospection 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Conclusions and Perspectives Acknowledgment References

      9  2 Application of Microorganisms in Biosurfactant Production 2.1 Biosurfactants Nature and Classification 2.2 Biosynthesis of BS by Archaea and Bacteria 2.3 Biosynthesis of BS by Yeasts and Molds 2.4 Screening for BS Producers 2.5 A Case Study: SL by Solid‐State Fermentation (SSF), Kinetics, and Reactor Size Estimation 2.6 Conclusions and Perspectives References

      10  3 Microbial Gums 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Biosynthesis of Microbial Gums 3.3 Production of Microbial Gums 3.4 Structure and Properties of Microbial Gums 3.5 Types of Microbial Gums 3.6 Applications of Microbial Gums 3.7 Conclusions and Perspectives Acknowledgments References

      11  4 Antiaging and Skin Lightening Microbial Products 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Aging 4.3 Extrinsic Skin Aging Factors 4.4 Why Microbes 4.5 Conclusions and Perspectives References

      12  5 Application of Microorganisms in Bioremediation 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Microbial Bioremediation 5.3 Microbial Bioremediation of Organic Pollutants 5.4 Microbial Degradation of Heavy Metals 5.5 Factors Affecting Bioremediation 5.6 Advances in Bioremediation 5.7 Conclusions and Perspectives References

      13  6 Microbial Applications in Organic Acid Production 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Glycolic acid (2C) 6.3 Acetic Acid (2C) 6.4 Pyruvic Acid (3C) 6.5 Lactic Acid (3C) 6.6 Succinic Acid (4C) 6.7 Fumaric Acid (4C) 6.8 Malic Acid (4C) 6.9 Itaconic Acid (5C) 6.10 Gluconic Acid (6C) 6.11 Citric Acid (6C) 6.12 Kojic Acid (6C) 6.13 Muconic and Adipic Acid (C6) 6.14 Conclusions and Perspectives Acknowledgments References

      14  7 Production of Bioactive Compounds vs. Recombinant Proteins 7.1 Introduction 7.2 In vitro Cell‐Based Assays 7.3 Cell Viability Assays 7.4 Cell Metabolic Assays 7.5 Cell Survival Assays 7.6 Cell Transformation Assays 7.7 Cell Irritation Assays