1  Cover

      2  Title Page

      3  Copyright

      4  1 The 20th Century. A New Science: Human Paleontology 1.1. Introduction 1.2. Human paleontology, a nascent science 1.3. Presuppositions

      5  2 Asia, The Cradle of Humanity 2.1. Teilhard de Chardin, a destiny from Piltdown to the Muséum 2.2. The primate ancestor of the human lineage in Montauban 2.3. Teilhard de Chardin sets out the main phylogenetic principles 2.4. Human paleontology is a branch of planetology 2.5. China, the promise of very ancient mammalian and human species 2.6. Peking Man: a small brain but well-cut tools 2.7. The first study of the internal basis of a Hominidae fossil 2.8. A new paradigm: telencephalization

      6  3 South and East Africa: The New Cradle 3.1. Gracile, robust Australopithecines and Humans 3.2. “A systematic research plan for Early Man in South Africa” 3.3. The Princeton synthetic theory (neo-Darwinism) and the Sorbonne replica (neo-Lamarckism) 3.4. Hominization, “background orthogenesis” 3.5. First synthesis: Man and the third axis of cosmic evolution of increasing complexity–consciousness

      7  4 The Body, Arboricolism and Adaptation: The Years 1950–1980 4.1. Under the brain, a body 4.2. Hominization of the skull and posture, French schools

      8  5 The Embryonic and Phylogenetic Origins of Human Posture 5.1. A reversal of perspectives 5.2. Evidence of craniofacial contraction 5.3. The embryonic origin of the sphenoidal angle and cranio-spinal straightening 5.4. Craniofacial contraction 5.5. Conclusion: developmental heterochronies and dynamic trajectories

      9  6 Fossil Species: From the First Primates to the First Hominids 6.1. Mandibles, witnesses of straightening 6.2. The great ape-Hominidae transition: an acceleration in the complexity of embryogenesis 6.3. Axial straightening, cranio-palatal balance and occlusion of Hominids sensu stricto

      10  7 Homo and Sapiens Embryogenesis 7.1. Fossil taxa of the genus Homo 7.2. Fossil mandibles from Homo sapiens 7.3. The Neanderthal is not a Sapiens 7.4. The cerebellum position of extinct Homo species 7.5. What is the relationship between the Neanderthals and the Sapiens? 7.6. The collapse of a paradigm: Man was present in Asia before the end of the Tertiary Era 7.7. Gracilization, cerebellization, anticipation and emotion 7.8. The new Rubicon: brain stem verticality and cerebellar instability 7.9. New sciences for an emerging evolutionary problem 7.10. The future of Sapiens, a dialog between the cerebellum and the brain?

      11  Conclusion

      12  References

      13  Index

      14  End User License Agreement

      1 Chapter 2Figure 2.1. Geological time scale of Tertiary and Quaternary eras, International...Figure 2.2. A: Diagram comparing the sagittal profile of Sinanthropus III and Sa...Figure 2.3. Comparison of the straightening of the right petrous pyramid between...

      2 Chapter 3Figure 3.1. Location of fossil homininsFigure 3.2. Natural curve of complexities, a: point of vitalization, b: point of...

      3 Chapter 4Figure 4.1. Cross-section diagrams comparing the orientation of the major axes o...Figure 4.2. Gudin’s pantograph (Godard and Ducasse 1973): ba: basion, oc: occipi...Figure 4.3. The territories of the Homo sapiens’ chondrocranium, mid-sagittal se...Figure 4.4. Geometric model of the basi-craniofacial frame and the angular corre...Figure 4.5. Cranio-palatal balance of Homo sapiens in the neonatal stage and in ...

      4 Chapter 5Figure 5.1. Two siamangs in bipedal locomotion holding hands (photo: A. Dambrico...Figure 5.2. A: Inferior view of human fetuses at the same scale, aligned with th...Figure 5.3. Left: the symphyseal vacuum (black triangular space) in the human ne...Figure 5.4. Comparison of adult dental arch and mandibular body shapes. Left: Ho...Figure 5.5. Incisor-canine occlusion (different scales). A and B, gorilla: canin...Figure 5.6. Orientation of the neurocranium growth vectors (A) in Homo sapiens t...Figure 5.7. Skull of newborn Homo sapiens (incomplete). A: inferior view (exocra...Figure 5.7 bis. Endocranial skull base of newborn Homo sapiens (incomplete) and