1  Title page

      2  Copyright page

      3  Acknowledgments

      4  1 Democracy in Dark Days Civility and the Owl of Minerva Problem

      5  2 Civility and Its Discontents Democracy as a Society of Equals Political Disagreement among Equals Civility in Political Disagreement The Demands of Civility

      6  3 Evaluating Argument Argumentation and Its Values Abuses of Argumentation

      7  4 Our Polarization Problem Two Kinds of Polarization How Does Belief Polarization Work? The Polarization Dynamic Polarization Undermines Democracy Note

      8  5 Political Ignorance Ways of Being Ignorant Tribal Citizens

      9  6 Simulated Argument Argument as Rhetoric Argument as Group Affirmation Memeology

      10  7 Fake News What is Fake News? An Institutional View The Demand for Fake News The War for Your Mind

      11  8 Deep Disagreements Deep Disagreements and the Good, Bad, News Charity and Disagreement Calling Disagreements “Deep” Depths of Disagreement Note

      12  9 Civility as a Reciprocal Virtue Reciprocal Public Virtues The Debasement Puzzle The Path to Debasement The Need for an Argumentative Culture

      13  10 Repairing Argumentative Culture Some Rudiments of Deductive Logic The Turn to Informal Logic Pathologizing the Opposition Hearing the Other Side

      14  11 Democracy at Dusk Scaling Up the Problem The Fallacy Fallacy More on Fake News Trolls, Sock-puppets, and Bots The Owl in Full View

      15  Index

      16  End User License Agreement

      1  Cover

      2  Contents

      3  1 Democracy in Dark Days

      1  iii

      2  iv

      3  vi

      4  vii

      5  1

      6  2

      7  3

      8  4

      9  5