1  Cover

      2  Title Page

      3  Copyright Page

      4  List of Contributors

      5  Preface

      6  1 Introduction to Biosurfactants 1.1 Introduction and Historical Perspective 1.2 Micelle Formation 1.3 Average Aggregation Numbers 1.4 Packing Properties of Amphiphiles 1.5 Biosurfactants 1.6 Sophorolipids 1.7 Surfactin 1.8 Final Comments Acknowledgement References

      7  2 Metagenomics Approach for Selection of Biosurfactant Producing Bacteria from Oil Contaminated Soil 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Metagenomics Application: A State‐of‐the‐Art Technique 2.3 Hydrocarbon‐Degrading Bacteria and Genes 2.4 Metagenomic Approaches in the Selection of Biosurfactant‐Producing Microbes 2.5 Metagenomics with Stable Isotope Probe (SIP) Techniques 2.6 Screening Methods to Identify Features of Biosurfactants 2.7 Functional Metagenomics: Challenge and Opportunities 2.8 Conclusion Acknowledgements References

      8  3 Biosurfactant Production Using Bioreactors from Industrial Byproducts 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Significance of the Production of Biosurfactants from Industrial Products 3.3 Factors Affect Biosurfactant Production in Bioreactor 3.4 Microorganisms 3.5 Bacterial Growth Conditions 3.6 Substrate for Biosurfactant Production 3.7 Conclusions Acknowledgement References

      9  4 Biosurfactants for Heavy Metal Remediation and Bioeconomics 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Concept of Surfactant and Biosurfactant for Heavy Metal Remediation 4.3 Mechanisms of Biosurfactant–Metal Interactions 4.4 Substrates Used for Biosurfactant Production 4.5 Classification of Biosurfactants 4.6 Types of Biosurfactants 4.7 Factors Influencing Biosurfactants Production 4.8 Strategies for Commercial Biosurfactant Production 4.9 Application of Biosurfactant for Heavy Metal Remediation 4.10 Bioeconomics of Metal Remediation Using Biosurfactants 4.11 Conclusion References

      10  5 Application of Biosurfactants for Microbial Enhanced Oil Recovery (MEOR) 5.1 Energy Demand and Fossil Fuels 5.2 Microbial Enhanced Oil Recovery (MEOR) 5.3 Mechanisms of Surfactant Flooding 5.4 Biosurfactants: An Alternative to Chemical Surfactants to Increase Oil Recovery 5.5 Biosurfactant MEOR: Laboratory Studies 5.6 Field Assays 5.7 Current State of Knowledge, Technological Advances, and Future Perspectives Acknowledgements References

      11  6 Biosurfactant Enhanced Sustainable Remediation of Petroleum Contaminated Soil 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Microbial‐Assisted Bioremediation of Petroleum Contaminated Soil 6.3 Hydrocarbon Degradation and Biosurfactants 6.4 Soil Washing Using Biosurfactants 6.5 Combination Strategies for Efficient Bioremediation 6.6 Biosurfactant Mediated