1  Cover

      2  Dedication Page

      3  Title Page

      4  Copyright Page

      5  Preface to the First Edition

      6  Preface to the Second Edition

      7  Preface to the Third Edition

      8  Preface to the Fourth Edition

      9  Acknowledgments

      10  PART I: Virology and Viral Disease CHAPTER 1: Introduction – The Impact of Viruses on Our View of Life THE SCIENCE OF VIROLOGY QUESTIONS FOR CHAPTER 1 CHAPTER 2: An Outline of Virus Replication and Viral Pathogenesis VIRUS REPLICATION PATHOGENESIS OF VIRAL INFECTION QUESTIONS FOR CHAPTER 2 CHAPTER 3: Virus Disease in Populations and Individual Animals THE NATURE OF VIRUS RESERVOIRS VIRUSES IN POPULATIONS ANIMAL MODELS TO STUDY VIRAL PATHOGENESIS QUESTIONS FOR CHAPTER 3 CHAPTER 4: Patterns of Some Viral Diseases of Humans THE DYNAMICS OF HUMAN–VIRUS INTERACTIONS PATTERNS OF SPECIFIC VIRAL DISEASES OF HUMANS SOME VIRAL INFECTIONS TARGETING SPECIFIC ORGAN SYSTEMS QUESTIONS FOR CHAPTER 4 Problems PART I Additional Reading for Part I

      11  PART II: Basic Properties of Viruses and Virus–Cell Interaction CHAPTER 5: Virus Structure and Classification THE FEATURES OF A VIRUS CLASSIFICATION SCHEMES THE VIROSPHERE THE HUMAN VIROME QUESTIONS FOR CHAPTER 5 CHAPTER 6: The Beginning andEnd of the Virus Replication Cycle OUTLINE OF THE VIRUS REPLICATION CYCLE VIRAL ENTRY LATE EVENTS IN VIRAL INFECTION: CAPSID ASSEMBLY AND VIRION RELEASE QUESTIONS FOR CHAPTER 6 CHAPTER 7: The Innate Immune Response HOST CELL–BASED DEFENSES AGAINST VIRUS REPLICATION THE ADAPTIVE IMMUNE RESPONSE AND THE LYMPHATIC SYSTEM CONTROL AND DYSFUNCTION OF IMMUNITY MEASUREMENT OF THE IMMUNE REACTION QUESTIONS FOR CHAPTER 7 CHAPTER 8: Strategies to Protect Against and Combat Viral Infection VACCINATION – INDUCTION OF IMMUNITY TO PREVENT VIRUS INFECTION EUKARYOTIC CELL‐BASED DEFENSES AGAINST VIRUS REPLICATION ANTIVIRAL DRUGS BACTERIAL ANTIVIRAL SYSTEMS – RESTRICTION ENDONUCLEASES QUESTIONS FOR CHAPTER 8 Problems PART II Additional Reading for Part II

      12  PART III: Working with Virus CHAPTER 9: Visualization and Enumeration of Virus Particles USING THE ELECTRON MICROSCOPE TO STUDY AND COUNT VIRUSES ATOMIC FORCE MICROSCOPY – A RAPID AND SENSITIVE METHOD FOR VISUALIZATION OF VIRUSES AND INFECTED CELLS, POTENTIALLY IN REAL TIME INDIRECT METHODS FOR “COUNTING” VIRUS PARTICLES QUESTIONS FOR CHAPTER 9 CHAPTER 10: Replicating and Measuring Biological Activity of Viruses CELL CULTURE TECHNIQUES THE OUTCOME OF VIRUS INFECTION IN CELLS MEASUREMENT OF THE BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY OF VIRUSES QUESTIONS FOR CHAPTER 10 CHAPTER 11: Physical and Chemical Manipulation of the Structural