1  Cover

      2  Title Page

      3  Copyright Page

      4  Dedication Page

      5  Preface

      6  Acknowledgments

      7  1 Physics and the Physical Environment The Vastness of the Open Ocean The Properties of Water Temperature The Oceans and Ocean Basins Oxygen Pressure Sound Light Traditional Depth Zones in the Ocean Concluding Thoughts References

      8  2 Physiological Accommodation to Environmental Challenges Temperature Pressure Oxygen Salinity Depth Concluding Thoughts References

      9  3 The Cnidaria Introduction Classification Phylum Cnidaria The Hydromedusae The Scyphomedusae The Cubomedusae Foraging Strategies Locomotion The Siphonophores The Cnidaria Formerly Known as Chondrophora References

      10  4 The Ctenophora Introduction Classification Ctenophore Basics Morphology Foraging Strategies Ctenophores as Invasive Species Digestion Nerves and Sense Organs: Coordination and Conduction Locomotion Distribution Ctenophores and Evolution References

      11  5 The Nemertea Introduction Classification Morphology Nervous System Circulatory System Excretory System Digestive System Reproduction Foraging Strategies Vertical and Geographic Distributions References

      12  6 The Annelida Introduction History Classification Phylum Annelida Morphology Excretory System The Nervous System Circulatory System Digestive System Reproduction Locomotion Foraging Strategies Distributions Bioluminescence References

      13  7 The Crustacea Introduction Arthropod Classification