1  Cover

      2  Title Page

      3  Copyright

      4  Preface

      5  1 Nanotechnology in Vaccine Development and Constraints 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Nanoparticles, an Alternative Approach to Conventional Vaccines 1.3 Nanoparticles as Vaccine Delivery Vehicle 1.4 Nanotechnology to Tackle the Challenges of Vaccine Delivery 1.5 Constraints and Challenges of Nanovaccines 1.6 Concluding Remarks Acknowledgments References

      6  2 Nanomedicine and Nanovaccinology Tools in Targeted Drug Delivery 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Nanomaterial-Based Drug Delivery Tools 2.3 Targeted Drug Delivery Applications 2.4 Commercial Nanodelivery Tools 2.5 Conclusions and Future Prospects Acknowledgments References

      7  3 Nanovaccinology and Superbugs 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Need for Nanovaccines 3.3 Types of Nanovaccines 3.4 Mechanism of Action of Nanovaccines 3.5 Limitations of Nanovaccines 3.6 Conclusion Acknowledgment References

      8  4 Current Research Trends on SARS-CoV2 Virus Against Nanovaccine Formulation 4.1 Introduction 4.2 COVID-19/SARS-CoV2 Pathophysiology 4.3 Development of Nanovaccines Against SARS-CoV2 4.4 Biomimetic Nanovaccines Against SARS-CoV2 4.5 Translatable Subunit Nanovaccine Against SARS-CoV2 4.6 Separable Microneedle Patch Nanovaccine 4.7 Polymer-Based Nanovaccines 4.8 Pharmaceutical Challenges of SARS-CoV2 Nanovaccines 4.9 Future Prospects of SARS-CoV2 Nanovaccines 4.10 Challenges and Limitations 4.11 Conclusion and Outlook References

      9  5 Nanovaccinology Against Infectious Disease 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Nanovaccinology Against Bacterial Disease 5.3 Nanovaccinology Against Viral Disease 5.4 Nanovaccinology Against Cancer 5.5 Nanovaccinology Against Parasite-Born Disease 5.6 Nanovaccinology Against Autoimmune Disorders 5.7 Conclusion and Outlook Acknowledgments References

      10  6 Preclinical and Commercial Trials of Cancer Diagnosis via Nano-Imaging and Nanovaccinology 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Role of Nano-Imaging in Cancer Diagnosis, Progression, and Treatment 6.3 Challenges in the Translation of Nanotechnology-Based Imaging Methods Into Clinical Application 6.4 Nanovaccines for Cancer Immunotherapy 6.5 Functionalities of Nanocarriers for the Delivery of Cancer Vaccines 6.6 Nanovaccine Strategies in Cancer 6.7 Preclinical and Clinical Trials of Applications of Nanoimaging and Nanovaccinology in Cancer 6.8 Recent Developments in the Trials of Nanovaccinology in Cancer 6.9 Perspectives and Future Directions 6.10 Conclusions References

      11  7 Biomedical and Electronic Tune-Ups of 2C4NA Nanocrystalline Sample 7.1 Introduction 7.2