Security and Suspicion. Juliana Ochs

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      Security and Suspicion

      THE ETHNOGRAPHY OF POLITICAL VIOLENCE

      Cynthia Keppley Mahmood, Series Editor

      A complete list of books in the series is available from the publisher.

      Security and Suspicion

      An Ethnography of Everyday Life in Israel

       Juliana Ochs

      UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA PRESS

      PHILADELPHIA · OXFORD

      Copyright © 2011 University of Pennsylvania Press

      All rights reserved. Except for brief quotations used for purposes of review or scholarly citation, none of this book may be reproduced in any form by any means without written permission from the publisher.

      Published by

      University of Pennsylvania Press

      Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104–4112

       www.upenn.edu/pennpress

      Printed in the United States of America on acid-free paper

      10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

      Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

      Ochs, Juliana.

      Security and suspicion : an ethnography of everyday life in Israel / Juliana Ochs.

      p. cm. — (The ethnography of political violence)

      Includes bibliographical references and index.

      ISBN 978-0-8122-4291-1 (hardcover : alk. paper)

      1. Terrorism—Israel—Psychological aspects. 2. Survival skills—Israel—Psychological aspects. 3. Terrorism—Israel—Prevention. 4. Arab-Israeli conflict—Influence. I. Title.

      HV6433.I75O24 2010

363.32095694—dc22 2010017607

      for Yaacob Dweck

       Contents

       Author’s Note

       Introduction: The Practice of Everyday Security

       Chapter 1. A Genealogy of Israeli Security

       Chapter 2. Senses of Security: Rebuilding Café Hillel

       Chapter 3. Paḥad: Fear as Corporeal Politics

       Chapter 4. Embodying Suspicion

       Chapter 5. Projecting Security in the City

       Chapter 6. On IKEA and Army Boots: The Domestication of Security

       Chapter 7. Seeing, Walking, Securing: Tours of Israel’s Separation Wall

       Epilogue: Real Fantasies of Security

       Notes

       Bibliography

       Index

       Acknowledgments

       Author’s Note

      In transliterations from the Hebrew, I use h for “hay,” ḥ for “het,” and ts for “tsadi.” I use k for kaf, kh for khaf, and q for kuf. I use (ʿa) for “ayin” and (ʾa) for “alef” when necessary to separate consonants in the middle of a word. Prefixes are separated from the word with a hyphen. In cases where a conventional spelling differs from these guidelines, I follow the standard convention. In Arabic, I rely on conventional spelling. All quotations from individuals are my translation from the Hebrew, except when quoted by the media or when otherwise noted. The names and identifying details of individuals I interviewed and cite in this book have been changed.

      Introduction: The Practice of Everyday Security

      It was early February 2004, and Israeli Prime Minister Ariel Sharon had recently announced plans to remove all Israeli settlers from Gaza. The Israeli Defense Forces (IDF) launched armored raids in the Gaza Strip, killing numerous Hamas militants. A Palestinian police officer from Bethlehem killed eight Israelis in a suicide bombing of a Jerusalem bus, for which al-Aqsa Martyrs’ Brigades claimed responsibility. Israelis and Palestinians were in the midst of a war for territory, sovereignty, and security fought through air strikes and gunfire, Qassam rockets and suicide bombs, curfews and land seizures. But in Holon, an industrial city outside Tel Aviv, in the home of Vered Malka, the war assumed a more intimate form.

      The marriage of Vered’s niece Ronit in Jerusalem was only a week away, and Vered was dreading the trip. Vered, who immigrated to Israel from Egypt in 1956 and settled in Holon soon after, lived in a small attached house in close proximity to her nine siblings. All were terrified of this journey to Jerusalem, a drive of under an hour. It was not the navigation itself that made Vered uneasy, for she was a taxi driver who spent her days driving the streets of Tel Aviv and Jaffa. “What do you mean, why am I afraid? From the terrorists, from the rocks they throw, from the hijacking, from it all. I never felt good in Jerusalem.” To Vered and her family, Jerusalem had been off limits since the start of the second intifada in 2000. Jerusalem, to them, was a place of violence and danger, a place of bombings and precarious borders, and a place of Palestinians. Vered’s young granddaughters had never been to Israel’s capital, but Vered and her siblings were committed to attending the celebration and decided to put aside their fears, or at least to find a way around them. “I can’t not go,” Vered said. On the Friday afternoon of the wedding, wearing dresses and suits, energized but focused, the siblings and their spouses piled into four cars and drove from Holon to Jerusalem convoy-style, one car in front of the other, straight to Beit Shmuel, an event space overlooking the Old City of Jerusalem. “We went there and we returned, all together.”

      Security for Vered was not about constructing walls or exchanging hostages, but rather about relying on familiarity to generate a sense of control and protection. Driving in procession kept Vered’s family members off and at a remove from buses, a common target of Palestinian suicide bombings and, even beyond that, surrounded each individual car with a familial buffer. The resultant protection was mobile and transient, shifting through space and time as they drove. Surrounded


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