UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA PRESS

      PHILADELPHIA • OXFORD

      Copyright 2011 University of Pennsylvania Press

      All rights reserved. Except for brief quotations used for purposes of review or scholarly citation, none of this book may be reproduced in any form by any means without written permission from the publisher.

      Published by

      University of Pennsylvania Press

      Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-4112

      Printed in the United States of America on acid-free paper

      10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

      Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

      Koopmans, Rachel.

      Wonderful to relate : miracle stories and miracle collecting in high medieval England / Rachel Koopmans.

      p. cm. — (The Middle Ages series)

      Includes bibliographical references (p. ) and index.

      ISBN 978-0-8122-4279-9 (hardcover : alk. paper)

      1. English literature—Middle English, 1100–1500—History and criticism. 2. Literary form—History—To 1500. 3. Monastic and religious life—England—History Middle Ages, 600–1500. 4. Literature and society—England—History—To 1500. 5. Christian saints—England—Biography. 6. Miracles. I. Title.

      PR255.K66 2010

       To my parents, Sherwin and Karen Koopmans

      CONTENTS

       List of Illustrations

       Introduction

       1. Narrating the Saint’s Works: Conversations, Personal Stories, and the Making of Cults

       2. To Experience What I Have Heard: Plotlines and Patterning of Oral Miracle Stories

       3. A Drop from the Ocean’s Waters: Lantfred of Fleury and the Cult of Swithun at Winchester

       4. Fruitful in the House of the Lord: The Early Miracle Collections of Goscelin of St.-Bertin

       5. They Ought to be Written: Osbern of Canterbury and the First English Miracle Collectors

       6. Obvious Material for Writing: Eadmer of Canterbury and the Miracle-Collecting Boom

       7. What the People Bring: Miracle Collecting in the Mid- to Late Twelfth Century

       8. Most Blessed Martyr: Thomas Becket’s Murder and the Christ Church Collections

       9. I Take Up the Burden: Benedict of Peterborough’s Examination of Becket’s Miracles

       10. Choose What You Will: William of Canterbury and the Heavenly Doctor

       Conclusion: The End of Miracle Collecting

       Appendix 1: Manuscripts of the Christ Church Miracle Collections for Thomas Becket

       Appendix 2: The Construction of Benedict of Peterborough’s Miracula S. Thomae

       Appendix 3: The Construction of William of Canterbury’s Miracula S. Thomae

       List of Abbreviations

       Notes

       Selected Bibliography

       Index

       Acknowledgments

      ILLUSTRATIONS

       1. Eilward of Westoning tells his story

       2. Miracle collecting c.1075–c.1100

       3. Miracle collecting c.1100–c.1140

       4. Insane man cured at Becket’s tomb

       5. Miracle collecting c.1140–c.1200

       6. Spread of Benedict’s miracle collection for Becket

       7. References to Becket miracula manuscripts

       8. Dating of Benedict’s and William’s miracle collections

       9. Canterbury cathedral and the murder of Thomas Becket

       10. “Parallel miracles” in the Christ Church collections

       11. Monk swabs a blind woman’s eyes

       12. Ill boy kisses Becket’s tomb

       13. Doctors examine leprous monk

      INTRODUCTION

      Whenever I read a medieval miracle collection, I am reminded of the appeal of looking at a collection of butterflies. Both kinds of collections are hard to resist, no matter how much one might disapprove, in theory, of killing butterflies, or of reveling in stories

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