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-or, -er Noun one who does a thing orate: orator -ous Adjective state of danger: dangerous

If you memorize prefixes, suffixes, and roots, you have a better chance of figuring out the meaning of an unfamiliar word when you see it on the ASVAB. Figuring out the meaning of unfamiliar words is how people with large vocabularies make them even larger. (They look up words in the dictionary, too.)

      Determining the root of the problem

      Root words are word parts that serve as the base of a word. In English, one root word can be changed slightly to perform all sorts of roles — it can act as a noun, a verb, an adjective, or an adverb with just a little modification. If you recognize a root, you can generally get an idea of what the word means, even if you’re not familiar with it. For example, if you know what the root word attach means, you can figure out what the word attachment means. If you know adhere, you can deduce what adherence means.

Table 4-4 lists some common roots. Memorize them. When you sit down to take the ASVAB, you’ll be glad you did.

TABLE 4-4 Roots

Root	Meaning	Sample Word
anthro or anthrop	relating to humans	anthropology
bibl	relating to books	bibliography
brev	short	abbreviate
cede or ceed	go, yield	recede
chrom	color	monochrome
cogn	know	cognizant
corp	body	corporate
dict	speak	diction
domin	rule	dominate
flu or fluc	flow	influx
form	shape	formulate
fract or frag	break	fragment
graph	writing	biography
junct	join	juncture
liber	free	liberate
lum or lumen	light	illuminate
oper	work	cooperate
path or pathy	suffer, feeling	pathology
port	carry	portable
press	squeeze	repress
scrib or script	write	describe
sens or sent	feel	sentient
tract	pull	traction
voc or vok	call	revoke

When you see an unfamiliar word, try dropping a couple of letters from the beginning and/or the end of the word to see whether you recognize what’s left — the root. If so, you can make a good guess about the meaning of the word. You can find more root words to help maximize your vocabulary in Appendix C.

      Word families: Finding related words

When you see an unfamiliar word on the Word Knowledge section, don’t get upset and pound on the computer (they make you pay for those things if you break them). You may know the word after all — just in a different form. Suppose you run across the word beneficent on the Word Knowledge portion:

       Beneficent most nearly means

      (A) kind.

      (B) beautiful.

      (C) unhappy.

      (D) troubled.

      You sit there and begin to sweat. You’ve never seen the word before, and it’s all over for you, right? Well, maybe not. Take a closer look. What other word starting with the letters benefi do you know? How about the word benefit? A benefit is something that helps or aids. It’d be a good bet that the word beneficent is related to helping or aiding. So, when you look over the possible choices, you can choose the one that has something to do with helping.

      But wait! None of the answers states help or aid. Now what? Just use the process of elimination. If someone is helpful (beneficent), she probably isn’t troubled or unhappy. She may be beautiful, but more likely, she’s kind. So, the best answer would be Choice (A).

       Remember when your high school guidance counselor recommended that you take French or Spanish? You should thank her when you score well on this subtest. Why? Because knowledge of other languages can help you puzzle out the meaning of many English words. For example, if you know that salud means “health” in Spanish, you may be able to puzzle out the meaning of the English word salutary (favorable to or promoting health). Knowing that sang means “blood” in French may help you figure out what the English word sanguine means (try to puzzle this one out on your own;

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