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year: calendar year

      Transportation———————

      Railways: 0 km

      Highways: total: 269 km paved: 198 km unpaved: 71 km (1991 est.)

      Ports: none

      Airports: none

      Communications———————

      Telephones: 21,258 (1983 est.)

      Telephone system: domestic: modern system with microwave radio relay connections between exchanges international: landline circuits to France and Spain

      Radio broadcast stations: AM 1, FM 0, shortwave 0

      Radios: 10,000 (1993 est.)

      Television broadcast stations: 0

      Televisions: 7,000 (1991 est.)

      Defense———

      Defense note: defense is the responsibility of France and Spain

      ======================================================================

      @Angola———

      Civil war has been the norm since independence from Portugal on 11 November 1975; a cease-fire lasted from 31 May 1991 until October 1992 when the insurgent National Union for the Total Independence of Angola (UNITA) refused to accept its defeat in internationally monitored elections and fighting resumed throughout much of the countryside. The two sides signed another peace accord on 20 November 1994; the cease-fire is generally holding, but most provisions of the accord remain to be implemented.

      Map—

      Location: 12 30 S, 18 30 E—Southern Africa, bordering the South

       Atlantic Ocean, between Namibia and Zaire

      Flag——

      Description: two equal horizontal bands of red (top) and black with a centered yellow emblem consisting of a five-pointed star within half a cogwheel crossed by a machete (in the style of a hammer and sickle)

      Geography————

      Location: Southern Africa, bordering the South Atlantic Ocean,

       between Namibia and Zaire

      Geographic coordinates: 12 30 S, 18 30 E

      Map references: Africa

      Area:

       total area: 1,246,700 sq km

       land area: 1,246,700 sq km

       comparative area: slightly less than twice the size of Texas

      Land boundaries:

       total: 5,198 km

       border countries: Congo 201 km, Namibia 1,376 km, Zaire 2,511 km,

       Zambia 1,110 km

      Coastline: 1,600 km

      Maritime claims: exclusive fishing zone: 200 nm territorial sea: 20 nm

      International disputes: none

      Climate: semiarid in south and along coast to Luanda; north has

       cool, dry season (May to October) and hot, rainy season (November to

       April)

      Terrain: narrow coastal plain rises abruptly to vast interior

       plateau

       lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m

       highest point: Moro de Moco 2,620 m

      Natural resources: petroleum, diamonds, iron ore, phosphates,

       copper, feldspar, gold, bauxite, uranium

      Land use:

       arable land: 2%

       permanent crops: 0%

       meadows and pastures: 23%

       forest and woodland: 43%

       other: 32%

      Irrigated land: NA sq km

      Environment:

       current issues: population pressures contributing to overuse of

       pastures and subsequent soil erosion; desertification; deforestation

       of tropical rain forest attributable to the international demand for

       tropical timber and domestic use as a fuel; deforestation

       contributing to loss of biodiversity; soil erosion contributing to

       water pollution and siltation of rivers and dams; inadequate

       supplies of potable water

       natural hazards: locally heavy rainfall causes periodic flooding on

       the plateau

       international agreements: party to - Law of the Sea; signed, but not

       ratified - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification

      Geographic note: Cabinda is separated from rest of country by Zaire

      People———

      Population: 10,342,899 (July 1996 est.)

      Age structure:

       0–14 years: 45% (male 2,340,804; female 2,275,689)

       15–64 years: 53% (male 2,748,417; female 2,706,295)

       65 years and over: 2% (male 128,067; female 143,627) (July 1996 est.)

      Population growth rate: 2.68% (1996 est.)

      Birth rate: 44.58 births/1,000 population (1996 est.)

      Death rate: 17.66 deaths/1,000 population (1996 est.)

      Net migration rate: −0.14 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1996 est.)

      Sex ratio:

       at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female

       under 15 years: 1.03 male(s)/female

       15–64 years: 1.02 male(s)/female

       65 years and over: 0.89 male(s)/female

       all ages: 1.02 male(s)/female (1996 est.)

      Infant mortality rate: 138.9 deaths/1,000 live births (1996 est.)

      Life expectancy at birth: total population: 46.8 years male: 44.65 years female: 49.06 years (1996 est.)

      Total fertility rate: 6.35 children born/woman (1996 est.)

      Nationality:

       noun: Angolan(s)

       adjective: Angolan

      Ethnic divisions: Ovimbundu 37%, Kimbundu 25%, Bakongo 13%,

       mestico (mixed European and Native African) 2%, European 1%, other

       22%

      Religions: indigenous beliefs 47%, Roman Catholic 38%, Protestant

       15% (est.)

      Languages: Portuguese (official), Bantu and other African languages

      Literacy: age 15 and over can read and write (1990 est.)

       total population: 42%

       male: 56%

       female: 28%

      Government—————

      Name of country: conventional long form: Republic of Angola conventional short form: Angola local long form: Republica de Angola local short form: Angola former: People's Republic of Angola

      Data code: AO

      Type of government: transitional government nominally a multiparty democracy with a strong presidential system

      Capital: Luanda

      Administrative divisions: 18 provinces (provincias, singular -

       provincia); Bengo, Benguela, Bie, Cabinda, Cuando Cubango, Cuanza

      

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