1  Cover

      2  Title Page

      3  Copyright

      4  List of Abbreviations

      5  Preface

      6  Introduction

      7  1 Iceland, in the Lineage of Two Oceans 1.1. Geographic and geodynamic context 1.2. Components of the North Atlantic domain 1.3. Geodynamic characteristics of Iceland 1.4. References

      8  2 Iceland, an Emerging Ocean Rift 2.1. Mid-Atlantic Ridge and Icelandic hot spot interactions 2.2. Present-day deformations in Iceland 2.3. Iceland’s main structural features 2.4. Geothermal energy and hydrothermalism 2.5. References

      9  3 Iceland, a Legacy of North Atlantic History 3.1. Bathymetry of the Northeast Atlantic domain and geoid anomalies 3.2. The North Atlantic and the continental breakup of Laurussia 3.3. The origin of Iceland 3.4. References

      10  Conclusion

      11  References

      12  List of Authors

      13  Index

      14  Summary of Volume 2

      15  End User License Agreement

      1 IntroductionFigure I.1. Iceland from Space (document Geographical Institute of Iceland/Landm...Figure I.2. (A) Icelandic stamp illustrating the discovery of Iceland by Irish m...Figure I.3. Traditional sheepfolds in southern Iceland with the volcano Hekla in...Figure I.4. (A) The Þingvellir graben, seen from an airplane (Þingvellir Nationa...Figure I.5. (A) The Hekla volcano (Brigitte Van Vliet-Lanoë©) and (B) its cartog...Figure I.6. Typical landscape of ancient basalts on the eastern coast of Iceland...Figure I.7. The eruption of the Eyjafjallajökull in 2010: its jökulhlaup (Reykja...Figure I.8. Sheep disturbed by the ash from the eruption (Flickr©)Figure I.9. Digital terrain model of Vatnajökull (black line: current cap bounda...Figure I.10. (A and B) Views of the Bárðarbunga caldera obliterated by ice durin...Figure I.11. Rim of the northern caldera of Grìmsvötn (Ragnar Sigurdsson©)Figure I.12. The Grìmsvötn volcano. (A) Initiation of the northward flow associa...Figure I.13. (A) The jökulhlaups of the Skafta River from the Grimsvötn in 1996 ...Figure I.14. (A) Fissural eruption of Krafla in 1980, along fractures arranged e...Figure I.15. Eruption of Krafla in 1980: hornitos on fractures and lava flows in...Figure I.16. (A) The submarine ridges of Kolbeinsey and (B) of Reykjanes (multib...Figure I.17. Trace of the Réttarnes seismic fault (1294 or 1732) in the Rangavel...Figure I.18. Destruction caused during the earthquakes of June 2000 in Bitra: (A...Figure I.19. Successive phases of an explosion of the Strokkur geyser, Geysir ge...Figure I.20. The Hofsjökull. Document made from radar images (CNES©). The calder...Figure I.21. (A) The Kerlingarfjöll surrounded by its glacial desert. (B) Perche...Figure I.22. A subglacial tabular volcano: the Herðubreið, north of Vatnajökull,...Figure I.23. Jökulsá á Kreppa north of Vatnajökull with hyaloclastite or tindar ...Figure I.24. A key Icelandic resource: water. (A) Bruarjökull outlet (the glacie...

      2 Chapter 1Figure 1.1. The Northeast Atlantic Ocean and the Labrador–Baffin axis (Gebco 201...Figure 1.2. (a) Geological map of Iceland, originally at 1/600,000e (H. Johaness...Figure 1.2. (b) Simplified geological map of Iceland (Icelandic Geographical Ins...Figure 1.3. Current morphology of Iceland. (a) A volcanic island shaped and occu...Figure 1.4. The northern part of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, modified from (Müller e...Figure 1.5. The North