Eco-design of Marine Infrastructures. Sylvain Pioch

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Eco-design of Marine Infrastructures - Sylvain Pioch


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1.2).

      According to the French engineers’ union Syntec Ingénierie, this approach can be defined as follows: “Eco-design is the technical design of projects by also considering global and local ecological concerns”. It is “an approach that can be applied to a large number of sectors, without generating additional costs in the long run” (Les Cahiers de l’Ingénierie 201011).

      We will complete this definition with the idea that ecological added value can also improve the technical performance of a structure, as a co-benefit. This would be the case, for example, of a desired effect of bioprotection of an eco-designed quay enabling, by its colonization, the promotion of protection of concrete from chloride ions (gain on the aging of the structure which is avoided).

      We will therefore propose as a definition of eco-design of marine infrastructures the process of “designing sustainable maritime development projects with precise/specific technical and ecological functions13, which generate socioecosystemic co-benefits, without generating additional costs in the long term”.

      PIANC also emphasizes the need to design works according to the concept of sustainable development and publishes professional recommendations with this in mind (PIANC 2011a). This is the idea of “working with nature”, developed by Dorien Korbee, which is defined as:

      an integrated process which involves working to identify and exploit win-win solutions which respect nature and are acceptable to both project proponents and environmental stakeholders. It is a philosophy which needs to be applied early in a project when flexibility is still possible (PIANC 2011b).

Schematic illustration of the definition of nature-based solutions.

      It is in Japan, an archipelago country turned by necessity towards the sea, where the observation of nature is an art as much as a deep aspiration, that the ideas on the development of the seabed have been developed.

      It was around the 17th century, during the reign of Emperor Jôo, that fish houses, reefs and artificial fishing habitats were built near the coast. It is within this culture of Sato-umi, literally “the sea where people live”, and this vision of a fertile and rich sea for those who know how to change it that the Japanese idea of eco-design was developed (Yanagi 2012).

      The very root of the word œkodesign (oikos, from the Greek word for home or house) is completely in line with that of Sato-umi, based around the notions conveyed by ecumene14 and ecology. We can also find in this vision the inspiration developed by Rosenzweig and Michael (2003) for the ecology of reconciliation, where biodiversity and human development are closely intertwined in our “common home”.

      1.3.1. Influence of the Japanese vision for sea-friendly development projects

      Moreover, the two basic principles of Japanese coastal maritime law (Amako 2015) are based on:

       – the “Yoro Code” (養老律令 enacted in 757): “coastal areas are of common (public) use and are managed by the users themselves”;

       – the “Ritsuryo Rules” (律令要約 enacted in 1741): “coastal areas are managed by delegation to local fishing communities”.

      The management of natural marine environments closest to the activities carried out there, in this case fishing, is a marker structuring Japanese thinking.

Photo depicts Kushimoto Marine Park.
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