1  Cover

      2  Title Page

      3  Copyright Page

      4  Preface Biocommodity Engineering

      5  List of Contributors

      6  1 Engineered Microorganisms for Production of Biocommodities 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Fundamentals of Genetic Engineering 1.3 Beneficial Biocommodities Produced Through Engineered Microbial Factories 1.4 Photosynthetic Production of Biofuels 1.5 Conclusion References

      7  2 Microbial Cell Factories for the Biosynthesis of Vanillin and Its Applications 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Natural Sources of Vanilla and Its Production 2.3 Biotechnological Production of Vanillin 2.4 Strain Development for Improved Production of Vanillin 2.5 Bioactive Properties of Vanillin 2.6 Conclusion Acknowledgments References

      8  3 Antimicrobials 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Classification of Antibiotics 3.3 Antibacterial Agents 3.4 Antifungal Agents 3.5 Antiviral agents 3.6 Antiparasitic Agents 3.7 Antimicrobial Resistance 3.8 Conclusion Acknowledgment References

      9  4 Trends in Antimicrobial Therapy 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Antibiotics: A Brief History 4.3 AMR: A Global Burden 4.4 Antimicrobial Resistance and Virulence 4.5 Alternatives to Antibiotics 4.6 Antibiotics: Global Action Plan on Antimicrobial Resistance 4.7 Conclusion Acknowledgment References

      10  5 Fermentation Strategies in the Food and Beverage Industry 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Current Trends in Food Fermentation 5.3 Future Directions 5.4 Conclusions 5.5 Questions for Thought References

      11  6 Bioactive Oligosaccharides 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Sources, Types, Structure of Oligosaccharides 6.3 Production Methods of Oligosaccharides 6.4 Extraction, Separation, and Purification of Oligosaccharides 6.5 Characterization of Oligosaccharides 6.6 Functional Properties of Oligosaccharides 6.7 Applications of Oligosaccharides 6.8 Market Potential of Oligosaccharides 6.9 Future Prospects References

      12  7 Biopolymers 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Natures’ Advanced Materials: A Glance at Its Structure and Properties 7.3 Smart Biopolymers 7.4 Fundamental Applications of Biopolymers in Biomedical Engineering 7.5 Processing Techniques for the Contrivance of Biopolymers 7.6 Conclusion Acknowledgments References

      13  8 Metabolic Engineering Strategies to Enhance Microbial Production