North American Agroforestry. Группа авторов
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of Guelph; Stephen C. Grado, College of Forest Resources, Mississippi State University; Robert K. Grala, College of Forest Resources, Mississippi State University; Hannah L. Hemmelgarn, School of Natural Resources, University of Missouri; Eric J. Holzmueller, College of Agricultural Sciences, Southern Illinois University; Thomas M. Isenhart, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Iowa State University; Guillermo Jimenez-Ferrer, El Colegio de LA Frontera Sur; Shibu Jose, College of Agriculture, Food and Natural Resources, University of Missouri; Robert J. Kremer, School of Natural Resources, University of Missouri; James P. Lassoie, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University; Teng Teeh Lim, College of Agriculture, Food and Natural Resources, University of Missouri; Chung-Ho Lin, School of Natural Resources, University of Missouri; Sarah T. Lovell, School of Natural Resources, University of Missouri; Robert L. McGraw, College of Agriculture, Food and Natural Resources, University of Missouri; D. Evan Mercer, Southern Research Station, USDA Forest Service; Joshua J. Millspaugh, W.A. Franke College of Forestry & Conservation, University of Montana; John F. Munsell, College of Natural Resources and Environment, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University; Joseph N. Orefice, Forest & Agricultural Operations, Yale University School of Forestry & Environmental Studies; Gabriel J. Pent, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University; P. K. Ramachandran Nair, School of Forest Resources and Conservation, University of Florida; Richard C. Schultz, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Iowa State University; Peter L. Schultz, Target, Inc., Headquarters; John H. Schulz, School of Natural Resources, University of Missouri; Steven H. Sharrow, Oregon State University; William W. Simpkins, Department of Geological and Atmospheric Sciences, Iowa State University; Lorena Soto-Pinto, El Colegio de LA Frontera Sur; Erik Stanek, Balzac Brothers & company, Charlston; Eugene Takle, Department of Agronomy, Iowa State University; Naresh V. Thevathasan, School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph; Ranjith P. Udawatta, School of Natural Resources, University of Missouri; Corinne B. Valdivia, College of Agriculture, Food and Natural Resources, University of Missouri; W. D. “Dusty” Walter, College of Agriculture, Food and Natural Resources, University of Missouri; Eric E. Weber, School of Natural Resources, University of Missouri; Kevin J. Wolz, Savannah Institute; Mario Yanez, Overtown Foodworks Office, Inhabit Earth; Lisa Zabek, Interior of British Columbia, Ministry of Agriculture; Xinhua Zhou, Campbell Scientific, Logan, Utah
EDITORIAL CORRESPONDENCE American Society of Agronomy Crop Science Society of America Soil Science Society of America 5585 Guilford Road, Madison, WI 53711-5801, USA
SOCIETY PRESIDENTS Jeffrey J, Volenec (ASA), P.V. Vara Prasad (CSSA), and April L. Ulery (SSSA)
SOCIETY EDITORS-IN-CHIEF Kathleen M. Yeater (ASA), C. Wayne Smith (CSSA), and Craig Rasmussen (SSSA)
BOOK AND MULTIMEDIA PUBLISHING COMMITTEE Girisha Ganjegunte, Chair Fugen Dou David Fang Shuyu Liu Gurpal Toor
DIRECTOR OF PUBLICATIONS Matt Wascavage
BOOKS STAFF Richard Easby, Managing Editor Pamm Kasper, Copy Editor
North American Agroforestry
3rd Edition
Edited by
Harold E. “Gene” Garrett, Shibu Jose, and Michael A. Gold
Copyright © 2022 American Society of Agronomy. All rights reserved. Copublication by American Society of Agronomy and John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Edition History American Society of Agronomy, Inc. (1e, 2000 and 2e, 2009)
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Library of Congress Cataloging‐in‐Publication Data
Names: Garrett, H. E., editor. | Jose, Shibu, editor. | Gold, Michael Alan, editor. | John Wiley & Sons, publisher.
Title: North american agroforestry / edited by Harold E. “Gene” Garrett, Shibu Jose, and Michael A. Gold.
Description: 3rd edition. | Hoboken, NJ : Wiley [2022] | Includes bibliographical references and index.
Identifiers: LCCN 2021052140 (print) | LCCN 2021052141 (ebook) | ISBN 9780891183778 (hardback) | ISBN 9780891183846 (adobe pdf) | ISBN 9780891183839 (epub)
Subjects: LCSH: Agroforestry–United States. | Forest management–United States.
Classification: LCC S494.5.A45 N69 2022 (print) | LCC S494.5.A45 (ebook) | DDC 634.9/9–dc23/eng/20211028
LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2021052140 LC ebook record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2021052141
Cover Design: Wiley
Cover Image: Horticulture and Agroforestry Research Farm at the University of Missouri College of Agriculture, Food and Natural Resources in New Franklin, Missouri; © University of Missouri
Preface
Perhaps more so than at any time in the history of mankind, we are faced with problems that threaten our very existence. Climate change, regardless of its cause,