Veterinary Surgical Oncology. Группа авторов

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Veterinary Surgical Oncology - Группа авторов


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CT is indicated in cases of (suspected) bone involvement, intra‐abdominal or retroperitoneal tumors, and for screening of pulmonary metastasis (Hanna and Fletcher 1995; López‐Pousa et al. 2016; Fuerst et al. 2017; Spoldi et al. 2017; Ranganathan et al. 2018).

      Novel Diagnostic Imaging Techniques

      Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a medical imaging technique that uses light to capture micrometer‐resolution, three‐dimensional images from within optical scattering media (e.g. biological tissue). Following the generation of an initial set of OCT images correlated with standard hematoxylin and eosin‐stained histopathology, over 760 images were subsequently used for automated analysis. Using texture‐based image processing metrics, OCT images of sarcoma, muscle, and adipose tissue were all found to be statistically different from one another. This demonstrates the potential use of intraoperative OCT, along with an automated tissue differentiation algorithm, as a guidance tool for soft tissue sarcoma margin delineation in the operating room (Mesa et al. 2017).

      Fluorescence‐based imaging is another technique for real‐time intraoperative tumor margin assessment in excision of STS. Fluorescence‐based imaging techniques use fluorescent agents that are preferentially activated by tumor cells, which can subsequently be measured after excitation by an appropriate wavelength of light (Bartholf DeWitt et al. 2016).

      Staging and Grading

      Source: Kotilingam et al. 2006; MacEwan et al. 2001; Greene 2002. The American Joint Committee on Cancer.

T Primary tumor
TX Primary tumor cannot be assessed
T0 No evidence of primary tumor
T1 Tumor < 5 cm in greatest dimension
T1a Superficial tumor
T1b Deep tumor
T2 Tumor > 5 cm in greatest dimension
T2a Superficial tumor
T2b Deep tumor
N Regional lymph nodes
NX Regional lymph nodes cannot be assessed
N0 No regional lymph node metastasis
N1 Regional lymph node metastasis
M Distant metastasis
MX Distant metastasis cannot be assessed
M0 No distant metastasis
M1 Distant metastasis
G Histologic grade
GX Grade cannot be assessed
G1 Low (grade I)
G2 Intermediate (grade II)
G3 High (grade III)
Stage
I G1–2 Any T N0 M0
II G3 T1a‐b, T2a N0 M0
III G3 T2b N0 M0
IV Any G Any T N1 Any M
Any G Any T Any N Any M

      Serum VEGF and neutrophil counts are positively correlated, and negative between VEGF and hemoglobin content in dogs with sarcoma (De Quieroz et al. 2013).

      In contrary to primary care practices with predominating low‐grade STS (51–84%) (McSporran 2009; Bray et al. 2014), studies from referral practices report high‐grade STS are more common (22.7–29%) (Kuntz et al. 1997; Heller et al. 2005).

      Surgical Aspects

      Surgical resection is the treatment of choice for most STS. Careful preoperative planning and a wide first excision, accomplishing 2–3 cm surgical margins around the tumor and one fascial plane deep to the tumor, are considered for surgery with curative intent.


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