Machine Learning Paradigm for Internet of Things Applications. Группа авторов
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href="#ulink_5f4a9c9f-fb74-599d-bb10-f34ff1da4c2f">Figure 1.2 Pune smart city overview.
1.2.2.1 Specifications
This city has been developed to create an overall master plan based on a patented econometric model that will make Pune fit for the future up to 2030 comprehensive infrastructure specifications that have been completed for the next 5 years. It aims at a comprehensive range of urban options, including job opportunities creation, socio-economic growth, and beyond infrastructure and habitability [4].
1.2.2.2 Transport and Mobility
Real monitoring system of the live ongoing buses in the city is to track the location of different locations. Smart bus stops with the public information systems. This live tracking of the buses is availed through the mobile app by the people in this eco system. Around 319 signals are present in the city where the pedestrian right get the way for the emergency response system [4]. Also, advanced traffic management system by using the CCTV and the mobile GPS-based traffic system analysis is similar to Google live traffic system and intelligent road asset management system to help all.
1.2.2.3 Water and Sewage Management
New advanced technologies for water management are introduced in the smart bulk meters with the SCADA, for the commercial establishment; it used for the domestic households through the campaign along with a revised telescopic traffic.
1.3 Status of Smart Cities in India
According to the report the government of India has planned to launch 100 smart city missions (SCMs). These cities are able to provide decent roads, to build housing for everyone in the city, and also to create green spaces. Five years back, a substantial portion of the capital earmarked was no spent. A single network is yet to be completed by many smart cities. Actually, the project initial proposed for smart city was around 5,151 projects but only 3,629 have been actively pursued. In those number, only 25% of the projects are only have been completed [6]. But in the terms of value, the proportion of work done is just 11% of the total.
1.3.1 Funding Process by Government
Over 5 years, the central government has allocated Rs 48,000 crore to the mission. That amounts to an average of Rs 96 crore per city per year, maybe enough in many cities to create a sewage drain. An equivalent amount would have to be contributed by the states and urban local bodies of amount 96 crore. The city administration had to raise the remainder of the necessary financing through a host of sources-public-private partnerships, grants, resource monetization, and the likes. While renowned planners have created the smart city ideas, with the financial arrangements planned out in advance, most urban local authorities are struggling to raise the funds needed. While several bodies have raised concerns that the financing of the central government is insufficient, the government itself is not sympathetic [5, 6] and funds raised by government of India as shown in Figure 1.3. That any of the 30 cities will have no trouble collecting funds because they have A++ credit scores.
Pune is an smart example that has successfully launched a municipal bond, documenting its own process and replicating the success of the other cities.
The source of funds may vary in different countries; the sources of the smart city projects are provided by government and the private organizations; they are state government and the urban local bodies and central government. Public-private partnership organizations, convergence with the other government mission resources, and also load providers are all contributing in this mission progress. Analysts think that national transformative projects such as the Smart Cities Mission will take time to implement in a vast country like India. The mission is also suffering from the lack of urban planners.
Figure 1.3 Funds raised by government of India.
1.4 Analysis of Smart City Setup
The vision of a community and the priorities of people form an important aspect of the planning of smart cities. Since each city has distinct strength and the disadvantages, it is possible that their respective approaches to creating a smart city will vary. Here are some attempt to analyze the possible variation of the city setup by economical-based setup architecture [6]. Cities can be turned smart with any mixture of different smart components. A city does not need to be branded as smart for all the components. The number of smart components depends on the cost and available technologies.
1.4.1 Physical Infrastructure-Based
Digital innovations, in terms of physical technology, a smart city, transform into improved public facilities for people and better resource use while reducing environmental impacts. A city that integrates physical infrastructure, IT infrastructure, social infrastructure, and business infrastructure with a view to exploiting the city’s collective intellect. Technologies for embedded sensing allow data collection and analysis in real time [7]. This data is then presented to infrastructure companies as meaningful and accurate information, allowing them to make more sophisticated decisions [8]. AI learning is introduced in the infrastructure-based architectural-based systems which have more result in the accuracy and the beneficial purposes. For a deeper understanding of the usage of resources, AI may use accurate, robust, and practical knowledge obtained and processed by smart infrastructure. A change in urban planning and development leads to a more efficient and secure infrastructure that is better tailored to the needs of people. The data collection are carried through the process by the collecting the individual responses.
1.4.2 Social Infrastructure-Based
The standardization position involves many facets of the smart city’s architecture, organization, and functioning. Indian national smart city has principles that govern the unified criteria for radically new possibilities of centralized urban process management. The article describes the social infrastructure roles and tasks of single-industry cities, which should be taken into account in the introduction of the smart city framework. The Figure 1.4 shows the physical infrastructure workflow. The selected fields of operation set out in the smart city concept are closely linked to the growth of single-industry social infrastructure [8–10]. The dynamic system of social engineering that lead to enhancement of quality of life through the use of innovative decision-making technology through the economic and the eco-friendly of the life systems.
Figure 1.4 Physical infrastructure workflow.
This entire infrastructure aims system of objects essential for the promotion of human activity, communications, as well as businesses, organizations, and organizations, delivering social and household services to the community, management bodies, and workers whose operations are structured to meet the social needs of people in conjunction with the quality of life indicators created [11]. Certain areas should be covered in the social engineering process like the electricity supply with the higher energy and sustainable solid waste management robust connectivity and digitalization.
1.4.3 Urban Mobility
Mobility