Continuous Emission Monitoring. James A. Jahnke
Читать онлайн книгу.
as enhanced monitoring: a study based on two investigative approaches at petroleum refineries. In: Proceedings – Continuous Compliance Monitoring Under the Clean Air Act Amendments, 96–105. Pittsburgh: Air & Waste Management Association.
5 Curtis, D., Averdieck, W., Kanchan, S.K., and Parre, A.A. (2018). CEMS: Continuous Emission Monitoring System: A Technical Guidance Manual. New Delhi: Centre for Science and Environment.
6 European Commission (2021). Guidance Document. The onitoring and Reporting Regulation – Continuous Emissions Monitoring Systems (CEMS). Mrr Guidance document No. 7. European Commission Directorate General Climate Action. https://ec.europa.eu/clima/system/files/2021‐10/policy_ets_monitoring_gd7_cems_en.pdf (accessed 12 November 2021).
7 Federal Ministry of the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety (2008). Air Pollution Prevention Manual on Emission Monitoring. Research Report 360 16 004 UBA – FB 001090. Dessau Rosslau, Germany. Federal Environment Agency.
8 Gill, A. (1993). The BIF regulations applied to the cement industry. In: Proceedings – Continuous Emission Monitoring – A Technology for the 90s, 111–117. Pittsburgh: Air & Waste Management Association.
9 India – Central Pollution Control Board (CPCP) (2018). Guidelines for Continuous Emission Monitoring Systems. Revision‐01. Delhi, India. Central Pollution Control Board. http://www.indiaenvironmentportal.org.in (accessed 12 November 2021).
10 Indiana Department of Environmental Management (IDEM) (2017). Compliance Branch Guidance Manuals. CEMS/COMS, Forms and Information and Guidance. Indiana Department of Environmental Management Office of Air Quality – Compliance. https://www.in.gov/idem/airquality (accessed 12 November 2021).
11 Jahnke, J.A., Peeler, J.W., Juneau, P.J., and Kinner, L.L. (1997). Handbook – Continuous Emission Monitoring Systems for Non‐criteria Pollutants. EPA/625/R‐97/001. Environmental Protection Agency.
12 Lillis, E.J. and Schueneman, J.J. (1975). Continuous emission monitoring: objectives and requirements. Journal of the Air Pollution Control Association 25: 804–809.
13 Lowery, K.P. and Facca, G.L. (1997). The effect of the proposed use of any credible evidence to determine compliance on utilities. In: Proceedings – Specialty Conference on Acid Rain and Electric Utilities II (ed. P. Dayal), 297–304. Pittsburgh: Air & Waste Management Association.
14 McCoy, P.G., Boone, S., Dincer, T. et al. (1996). Statistical review of U.S. EPA Region 5's CEM database. In: Proceedings – Continuous Compliance Monitoring Under the Clean Air Act Amendments, 223–234. Pittsburgh: Air & Waste Management Association.
15 Nazzaro, J.G. (1985). Continuous emission monitoring system approval, auditing and data processing in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. In: Transactions – Continuous Emission Monitoring – Advances and Issues, 175–186. Pittsburgh: Air Pollution Control Association.
16 New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection (2010). Guidelines for Continuous Emissions Monitoring System (CEMS), Continuous Opacity Monitoring Systems (COMS), Periodic Monitoring Procedures (PMPS), and Annual Combustion Adjustments (ACAs). Technical Manual #1005. New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection – Air Quality Permitting Program Bureau of Technical Services. https://www.state.nj.us/dep/aqpp/techman.html (accessed 12 November 2021).
17 Paley, L.R. (1980). Agency use of continuous emission monitoring data to ensure stationary source achievement of emission reductions. Paper presented at Air Pollution Control Association, Montreal, paper 80‐70.1 (22–27 June 1980).
18 Paley, L.R. and Wright, H. (1985). Use of continuous emission monitoring systems to implement EPA's continuous compliance program. In: Transactions – Continuous Emission Monitoring – Advances and Issues (ed. J.A. Jahnke), 128–145. Pittsburgh: Air Pollution Control Association.
19 Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection (PADEP) (2006). Continuous Source Monitoring Manual – Revision 8. 274‐030‐001. Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection. https://www.dep.pa.gov (accessed 12 November 2021).
20 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (1984). Final technical guidance on the review and use of excess emission reports: E.E. Reich to Regional Office Directors. EPA Air Programs Policy and Guidance Notebook, Policy Notebook Number PN 113‐84‐10‐05‐021. Research Triangle Park: Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
21 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (1994). The Continuous Emission Monitoring Guidance for Part 503 Sewage Sludge Incinerators. EPA 833‐B‐94‐003. Washington, DC: Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Water.
22 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (2014). Revision of U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s Enforcement Response Policy for High Priority Violations of the Clean Air Act. https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2015‐01/documents/hpvpolicy2014.pdf (accessed 12 November 2021).
23 Vermont Air Quality and Climate Division (2002). Continuous Emission Monitoring Regulations – Revision 5. Vermont Department of Environmental Conservation. https://www.dec.vermont.gov (accessed 12 November 2021).
24 Walton, J.W., Stewart, J.W., and Singleton, F.O. (1985). Utilization of continuous emission monitoring data for enforcement purposes. In: Transactions – Continuous Emission Monitoring – Advances and Issues (ed. J.A. Jahnke), 199–207. Pittsburgh: Air Pollution Control Association.
25 Westlin, P.R. and Balcke, W.W. (1997). Compliance assurance monitoring rule – status of final rulemaking. Paper presented at the Air & Waste Management Meeting, Toronto, paper 97‐TA37.01 (8–13 June 1997).
26 Willenberg, J.M. (1990). Washington State's CEMS experience and enforcement guidance. In: Proceedings – Specialty Conference on: Continuous Emission Monitoring – Present and Future Applications, 37–43. Pittsburgh: Air & Waste Management Association.
27 Williams, B. and Jahnke, J.A. (1994). Protocols and performance specifications for continuous monitoring of gaseous emissions from thermal power generation. Electricity Today 6 (6): 16–18.
28 Zipper, C.E. and Gilroy, L. (1998). Sulfur dioxide emissions and market effects under the clean air act acid rain program. Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association 48: 829–837.
CHAPTER 3 EXTRACTIVE SYSTEM DESIGN
Analyzers used to monitor stack gases must be incorporated into a system – one that can protect the analyzer from the plant environment and provide a representative stack gas sample for analysis. Either in‐situ or extractive systems can be designed to perform this. Extractive systems were the systems first developed for continuous emission monitoring and are discussed in this chapter; in‐situ systems are discussed in Chapter 6.
Delivering and conditioning a hot, moisture‐saturated, particle‐laden flue gas to an analyzer can be a difficult process. Because the pollutant gases may be lost in this process, it is critical that the extractive system is properly designed and manufactured. Extractive system designs are associated with specific CEM system vendors, having been developed through years of industrial applications experience. Although it is possible and relatively easy to design and construct an extractive system from basic components, most systems purchased today are provided on a turn‐key basis; that is, the system is provided from start to finish. The two basic types of extractive systems that vendors offer are (i) fully extractive, source‐level systems and (ii) dilution systems. Each system has its own advantages and disadvantages in any given application.
This