A very curious example of this sham science is seen in the argument, frequently used at the time, that, if the earth really moved, a stone falling from a height would fall back of the point immediately below its point of starting. This is used by Fromundus with great effect. It appears never to have occurred to him to test the matter by dropping a stone from the topmast of a ship. But the most beautiful thing of all is that Benzenburg has experimentally demonstrated just such an aberration in falling bodies as is mathematically required by the diurnal motion of the earth. See Jevons, Principles of Science, vol. i., p. 453, and ii., pp. 310, 311.
37
See Delambre as to the discovery of the satellites of Jupiter being the turning-point with the heliocentric doctrine. As to its effects on Bacon, see Jevons, Principles of Science, vol. ii., p. 298.
38
For argument drawn from the candlestick and seven churches, see Delambre.
39
Libri, vol. iv., p. 211. De Morgan, Paradoxes, p. 26, for account of Father Clavius. It is interesting to know that Clavius, in his last years, acknowledged that "the whole system of the heavens is broken down, and must be mended."
40
Cantu, Histoire Universelle, vol. xv., p. 478.
41
For Caccini's attack, see Delambre, Hist. de l'Astron., disc. prélim., p. xxii.; also, Libri, Hist. des Sciences Math., vol. iv., p. 232; also, Martin, Galilée, pp. 43, 44.
42
For Bellarmin's view, see Quinet, Jesuits, vol. ii., p. 189. For other objectors and objections, see Libri, Histoire des Sciences Mathématiques en Italie, vol. iv., pp. 233, 234; also, Martin, Vie de Galilée.
43
See Trouessart, cited in Flammarion, Mondes Imaginaires et Réels, sixième édition, pp. 315, 316.
44
Initia Doctrinæ Physicæ, pp. 220, 221.
45
See Ticknor, Hist. of Span. Literature, vol. iii.
46
See Th. Martin, Galilée, pp. 34, 208, and 266.
47
See Martin, Galilée, pp. 34 and 208; also a curious note in the earlier English editions, Lyell, Principles of Geology, Introduction.
48
For curious exemplification of the way in which these weapons have been hurled, see lists of persons charged with "infidelity" and "atheism," in Le Dictionnaire des Athées, Paris, An. viii. Also, Lecky, History of Rationalism, vol. ii., p. 50. For case of Descartes, see Saisset, Descartes et ses précurseurs, pp. 103, 110.
49
See the original documents in Epinois, pp. 34-36. Martin's translation does not seem exactly correct.
50
See full official text in Epinois.
51
See proofs of this in Martin. The reader should be reminded that the archives exposed within the past few years have made the statements of early writers untrustworthy on very many of the nicer points.
52
See Inchofer's Tractatus Syllepticus, cited in Galileo's letter to Deodati, July 28, 1634.
53
It is not probable that torture in the ordinary sense was administered to Galileo, though it was threatened. See Th. Martin, Vie de Galilée, for a fair summing up of the case. For text of the abjuration, see Epinois; also, Private Life of Galileo, Appendix.
54
Martin, p. 227.
55
Martin, p. 243.
56
For the persecution of Galileo's memory, see Th. Martin, chaps. ix and x. For documentary proofs, see de l'Epinois. For a collection of the slanderous theories invented against Galileo, see Martin, final chapters and appendix. Both these authors are devoted to the Church, but, unlike Monsignor Marini, are too upright to resort to the pious fraud of suppressing documents or interpolating pretended facts.
