Dedication

      This book is dedicated to

      the men and women of the International Brigades who fought and died fighting fascism in Spain

       Contents

       Cover

       Title Page

Map

Dedication

List of Plates

Preface

Introduction: The Civil War Sixty Years On

1 A Divided Society: Spain before 1930

2 The Leftist Challenge, 1931–1933

3 Confrontation and Conspiracy, 1934–1936

       4 ‘The Map of Spain Bleeds’: From Coup d’Etat to Civil War

       5 ‘Behind The Gentleman’s Agreement’: The Great Powers Betray Spain

       6 ‘Madrid is the Heart’: The Central Epic

       7 Politics Behind the Lines: Reaction and Terror in the City of God

       8 Politics Behind the Lines: Revolution and Terror in the City of the Devil

       9 Defeat by Instalments

       Epilogue

       Plates

       Keep Reading

       Principal Characters

       Glossary

       List of Abbreviations

       Bibliographical Essay

       Index

       Acknowledgements

       About the Author

       Copyright

       About the Publisher

List of Plates

       1. Civilians killed on 19 July 1936 combating the uprising in Barcelona.

       2. Nationalist propaganda linking Franco’s cause both to Spain’s imperial past and to contemporary Fascism and Nazism.

       3. Official poster celebrating Franco’s victory.

       4. Popular rejoicing in the Plaza de Cibeles in Madrid at the establishment of the Second Republic on 14 April 1931.

       5. Church burnings of May 1931 in Madrid.

       6. José María Gil Robles, leader of the Catholic authoritarian party, the CEDA.

       7. José Antonio Primo de Rivera, founder of Falange Española, idealised as Jefe Nacional.

       8. The official portrait of the Manuel Azaña, successively Minister of War, Prime Minister and President of the Republic.

       9. Monarchists give the fascist salute at the funeral of their assassinated leader, José Calvo Sotelo.

      10. The De Havilland D.H.89 Dragon Rapide hired by Luis Bolín in Croydon to take Franco to Morocco.

      11. Franco in Tetuán, shortly after his arrival from the Canary Islands.

      12. Diego Martínez Barno, briefly Prime Minister on 19 July 1936.

      13. General Gonzalo Queipo de Llano.

      14. British International Brigaders return to the front after convalescence.

      15. Republican militiamen settle in the main square of Toledo for a long siege of the Alcázar.

      16. Generals of the Nationalist Junta de Defensa arriving for the meeting at which Franco was chosen as commander-in-chief.

      17. Franco haranguing the survivors of the siege of the Alcázar de Toledo on 29 September 1936.

      18. General José Moscardó, commander of the Alcázar of Toledo, revisiting the ruins.

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