Table 2: Survival and sustainable energy

      Looking at Table 2 above, ask yourself the following questions and take a note of your answers:

      Now let’s look at what happens when you sleep – pure sleep.

      Pure Sleep

      This is relevant for you even if you consider yourself to be a ‘good sleeper’. Some people define being a good sleeper as the ability to fall asleep and stay asleep easily, and they might say, ‘I haven’t got a problem sleeping but I just can’t get out of bed.’ Remember, there is a vital distinction between sleeping and pure sleep – the ultimately restorative and rejuvenating sleep with just the right amount of dream process and the right amount of deep, dreamless sleep in which you do nothing other than be. Such sleep has an innate organising power: it sorts out our emotional world, clears and tidies our mental filing cabinets, and heals and rebalances the body. From such sleep you wake feeling and looking deeply refreshed, and ready to face life with open arms.

      The Benefits of Pure Sleep

      According to well-validated Western scientific studies there are three main reasons why we spend so much of our lives sleeping.6

      Restore

      To help us recover from the demands of being awake.

      Protect and Clean Up the Brain (the Cortex)

      During our waking hours mental activity stimulates the production of natural chemical messengers in the brain called ‘excitatory transmitters’. These transmitters can become toxic to the brain. Scientists at the University of Rochester Medical Center have recently discovered a system that drains waste products from the brain as we sleep. Cerebrospinal fluid, a clear liquid surrounding the brain and spinal cord, moves through the brain along a series of channels that surround the blood vessels. The brain’s glial cells manage the system and so the researchers called it the ‘glymphatic system’. It is thought that it is particularly active during deep sleep and helps to remove a toxic protein called beta-amyloid from brain tissue. This protein is renowned for accumulating in the brains of patients with Alzheimer’s disease.7

      Learning and Memory Consolidation

      Sleeping sorts out our mental filing cabinets so we wake up feeling mentally sharp and clear. I’m going to tell you more about this vital function later because for some people it is the reason why they wake up exhausted, feeling as if they’ve been thinking all night or even oversleeping in a vain attempt to recoup energy.

      Many others and I also believe that sleep serves a couple more vital roles. These roles are perhaps not as well validated by Western science but have been identified and explored by older sciences such as Indian Ayurveda (medicine) and Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) for thousands of years.

      Restore Life Force Energy

      Time and again my work has shown how people are able to regain some special part of themselves when they start sleeping well. For example, the actress/singer who was too exhausted and depressed to get out of bed who started singing again and signed a record deal within six months; or the stressed mother who sets up her own company. It’s more than just having a good night’s sleep and more energy, it’s a rekindling of passion, inspiration and courage.

      Pure sleep is an awakening of spiritual energy.

      Self-healing

      The healing benefits of sleep are related to all of the above functions but I feel they deserve highlighting. What happens when you sleep on a problem and wake up feeling better? Or when you go to bed with aches and pains and wake up with no pain at all? Or if you cut yourself and wake up and the wound has virtually disappeared? The body is constantly renewing itself. Up to 75 trillion cells repairing, regenerating and rebalancing. This process is fast-tracked when you sleep.

      The Journey Through the Night

      There’s a kind of magic that takes place when you sleep. Sleep is not one constant state, but rather a progression through various states with extremely unique characteristics.

      Earlier I mentioned the 90-minute ultradian cycle, describing it as setting the hum of your energy. This cycle continues throughout the night as we sleep in 90-minute cycles. Disruption of these cycles when we cross time zones causes sleep disruption and jetlag. The hormones, neurotransmitters and the circadian timer in the pineal gland beautifully orchestrate all this activity.

      This important gland in the brain’s hypothalamus is also known in Eastern medicine as ‘the third eye’, and it is sensitive to the daily cycle of light and dark. So when the light level entering our eyes and hitting the light-sensitive retina at the back of the eye drops below 200 lux, this switches on the circadian timer and stimulates the production of the all-important sleep hormone melatonin. The healing PNS becomes more active and the sleep cycle is switched on. The awake cycle is stimulated as light levels increase via a group of cells, also located in the hypothalamus, called the Suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN). The SCN suppresses the production of melatonin and signals the body that it’s time to wake up. The active ‘doing’ SNS switches on, body temperature increases and hormones such as cortisol are produced to get us going. Every organ system in the body receives a signal to up-regulate (get active) or down-regulate (slow down) and in this way our physiology is kept in an optimal state of balance and fine-tuning.

      Western sleep science is relatively young and we are still learning more. Spending a night in a sleep clinic generates polysomnograph recordings, which are measurements of brain wave activity during sleep. The patient is wired up to monitoring equipment with electrodes and an EEG (electroencephalogram tracing of the bioelectric activity of the brain) is produced, which informs the sleep clinician about the person’s sleep patterns and potential disorders. In 1937 Alfred Lee Loomis, an American also known for significant work in developing radar, first described the stages of sleep. Loomis and his team used EEG recordings to identify five different levels of sleep.8 In 1953, another team of scientists discovered that REM (rapid eye movement) sleep was a distinct state, leading to a rethinking of the way sleep was designed and giving us the model we use today.9

      The Five Stages of Sleep

      So let’s look at each sleep stage in turn as it may help you to get a sense of why our sleep (and energy levels) may be less than ideal.

      In total, there are five stages of sleep that can be easily distinguished from each other: two are light sleep, the following two are slow-wave or deep sleep and the fifth is a short 15-minute burst of REM sleep. Sleep can also be divided into two entirely different states:

      Additionally, non-REM is subdivided into four sub-stages, which are distinguishable by levels of brain-wave activity. The sleep science community has more recently combined non-REM stages 3 and 4 into one stage (stage 3).

      A typical night’s sleep consists of about 75 per cent non-REM and 25 per cent REM sleep. The 90-minute cycle repeats throughout the night, each time taking us through the five layers from light to deep sleep and REM sleep. Although I keep emphasising the importance of deep sleep, each of these layers is vital and we have to go through them all while we sleep.