Oscar Wilde’s Stories for All Ages. Stephen Fry
Читать онлайн книгу.
my generation.
Wilde comes down to us, clad in velvet and silk, the Duke of Dandies, the Prince of Bohemia, the Patron Saint of sexual outcasts and radical outsiders everywhere. His good nature as much as his good wit retain the power to scorch the bourgeois, the philistine and the unfriendly in our world. That his life ended with such bitter suffering, betrayal and pain, followed by so complete a resurrection in reputation and influence serves to reinforce that messianic image he retains. It is interesting to me that so many of the early stories presented here, created at a time of riches, renown and contentment, seem so strongly to prefigure the themes of sacrifice, injustice, cruelty and suffering with which we associate the final chapter of his extraordinary life. None of which ought to lead you to believe that the fairytales are gloomy affairs. Far from it. Nor should one believe that a dandy is, of necessity, a person of no importance, no gravitas, no high purpose. We have more to learn from dandies and dandyism than from most scholars and moral scientists. Sadly, they are a species in decline today. I wish I had been cut out to be one myself, but I don’t have the courage, the instinct, the seriousness of mind, elegance of leg or cut of shoulder. Fortunately there are figures like the artist Sebastian Horsley who continue to fly the silken flag, but it seems to me an indication of our age that Wilde is still radically misunderstood by the middle-brow, the middle-class and the middle-aged who are so apt to think being funny betokens a lack of seriousness, whereas of course only humourlessness betokens that.
But enough. There are plenty of biographies of Wilde. There was even a most excellent film made of his life in 1997, which I could not recommend more highly if I were involved in it myself. There are plenty of editions of Wilde’s work too, you might think, including every story collected here. What can justify yet another? The answer to that is Nicole Stewart. Nicole is an Australian artist I have come to know over the years since she nobly consented to design my website www.stephenfry.com way back in July 1999. She has continued to work on it, investing it with a quality, colour and glory way beyond its merits. She and Andrew Sampson, the website’s producer and my partner in all things online and digital, came up with this idea after I had recorded some of these stories in audiobook form, and what you now hold in your hands is the result.
I can think of no higher praise for Nicole’s illustrations here than to say (fully aware that it is the height of impudence) that Oscar would have adored them.
Stephen Fry
www.stephenfry.com/wilde
An often overlooked characteristic of Oscar Wilde is his interest in social politics and the poor. He understood all too well that only the well-off imagine that poverty can be described as noble or dignified. His essay The Soul of Man Under Socialism remains one of his very finest works and many of the ideas in it find fabulous (in the literal as well as the usual sense of that word) realisation in this perfect fairytale, The Young King.
When you begin to read it you might think that this is a very Oscar Wilde story indeed. A beautiful youth surrounded by beautiful objects and exquisitely wrought works of art ornately described in exquisitely wrought prose. How very Oscar. But the story is really a moral fable that teaches us to understand where beauty grows. How acutely contemporary its concerns seem to us today, when the manufacture of every designer shirt and the sourcing of every banana and the provenance of every ounce of coffee make us quiver with self-conscious guilt and wobble with liberal shame. I don’t think we can claim that Wilde invented the idea of ethical purchasing, but he certainly gave it perfect expression.
I suppose the less faithful amongst us will find the ending a little too sentimentally Victorian for our tastes, but I think its startling pictorial nature excuses the religiosity. It is a simple enough moral: true beauty comes from the spirit; surface beauty can be horribly ugly. I hold it true today, that until you have sat in the lobby of a five-star hotel and watched the rich people with their Vuitton luggage, their Graff jewels and their Hermès blouses you have never seen true ugliness. It wasn’t Wilde who said ‘If you want to know what God thinks of money, just look at the kind of people he gives it to’, but it is a point of view he understood.
There is real dialectic in this tale, however, real argument. It would have been easy for the Young King to go straight from his dream to the church without meeting such stubborn and convincing opposition on the way. An argument is put to him from a working man that the King’s wealth creates wealth for others and that for him to eschew luxury is to wrench bread from the mouths of the poor. Wilde was no naïf when it came to politics. We could perhaps charge him with an over-pious Victorian ending, but the story leaves us with a question we all wrestle with to this day: Should we accept terrible injustice, inequality and poverty simply because the world is so complex that only the most radical change could eliminate them?
IT WAS THE NIGHT BEFORE the day fixed for his coronation, and the young King was sitting alone in his beautiful chamber. His courtiers had all taken their leave of him, bowing their heads to the ground, according to the ceremonious usage of the day, and had retired to the Great Hall of the Palace, to receive a few last lessons from the Professor of Etiquette; there being some of them who had still quite natural manners, which in a courtier is, I need hardly say, a very grave offence.
The lad—for he was only a lad, being but sixteen years of age—was not sorry at their departure, and had flung himself back with a deep sigh of relief on the soft cushions of his embroidered couch, lying there, wild-eyed and open-mouthed, like a brown woodland Faun, or some young animal of the forest newly snared by the hunters.
And, indeed, it was the hunters who had found him, coming upon him almost by chance as, bare-limbed and pipe in hand, he was following the flock of the poor goatherd who had brought him up, and whose son he had always fancied himself to be. The child of the old King’s only daughter by a secret marriage with one much beneath her in station—a stranger, some said, who, by the wonderful magic of his lute-playing, had made the young Princess love him; while others spoke of an artist from Rimini, to whom the Princess had shown much, perhaps too much honour, and who had suddenly disappeared from the city, leaving his work in the Cathedral unfinished—he had been, when but a week old, stolen away from his mother’s side, as she slept, and given into the charge of a common peasant and his wife, who were without children of their own, and lived in a remote part of the forest, more than a day’s ride from the town. Grief, or the plague, as the court physician stated, or, as some suggested, a swift Italian poison administered in a cup of spiced wine, slew, within an hour of her wakening, the white girl who had given him birth, and as the trusty messenger who bare the child across his saddle-bow, stooped from his weary horse and knocked at the rude door of the goatherd’s hut, the body of the Princess was being lowered into an open grave that had been dug in a deserted churchyard, beyond the city gates, a grave where, it was said, that another body was also lying, that of a young man of marvellous and foreign beauty, whose hands were tied behind him with a knotted cord, and whose breast was stabbed with many red wounds.
Such, at least, was the story that men whispered to each other. Certain it was that the old King, when on his death-bed, whether moved by remorse for his great sin, or merely desiring that the kingdom should not pass away from his line, had had the lad sent for, and, in the presence of the Council, had acknowledged him as his heir.
And it seems that from the very first moment of his recognition he had shown signs of that strange passion for beauty that was destined to have so great an influence over his life. Those who accompanied him to the suite of rooms set apart for his service, often spoke of the cry of pleasure that broke from his lips when he saw the delicate raiment and rich jewels that had been prepared for him, and of the almost fierce joy with which he flung aside his rough