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in that Limbo many a soul

      Of mighty worth. “O tell me, sire revered!

      Tell me, my master!” I began, through wish

      Of full assurance in that holy faith

      Which vanquishes all error; “say, did e’er

      Any, or through his own or other’s merit,

      Come forth from thence, who afterward was blest?”

      Piercing the secret purport^[23] of my speech,

      He answer’d: “I was new to that estate

      When I beheld a puissant one^[24] arrive

      Amongst us, with victorious trophy crown’d.

      He forth the shade of our first parent drew,

      Abel, his child, and Noah righteous man,

      Of Moses lawgiver for faith approved,

      Of patriarch Abraham, and David king,

      Israel with his sire and with his sons,

      Nor without Rachel whom so hard he won,

      And others many more, whom He to bliss

      Exalted. Before these, be thou assured,

      No spirit of human kind was ever saved.”

      We, while he spake, ceased not our onward road,

      Still passing through the wood; for so I name

      Those spirits thick beset. We were not far

      On this side from the summit, when I kenn’d

      A flame, that o’er the darken’d hemisphere

      Prevailing shined. Yet we a little space

      Were distant, not so far but I in part

      Discover’d that a tribe in honour high

      That placed possess’d. “O thou, who every art

      And science valuest! who are these, that boast

      Such honor, separate from all the rest?”

      He answer’d: “The renown of their great names,

      That echoes through your world above, acquires

      Favor in Heaven, which holds them thus advanced.”

      Meantime a voice I heard: “Honor the bard

      Sublime! his shade returns, that left us late!”

      No sooner ceased the sound, that I beheld

      Four mighty spirits toward us bend their steps,

      Of semblance neither sorrowful nor glad.

      When thus my master kind began: “Mark him,

      Who in his right hand bears that falchion keen,

      The other three preceding, as their lord.

      This is that Homer, of all bards supreme:

      Flaccus the next, in satire’s vein excelling;

      The third is Naso; Lucan is the last.

      Because they all that appellation own,

      With which the voice singly accosted me,

      Honouring they greet me thus, and well they judge.”

      So I beheld united the bright school

      Of him the monarch of sublimest song,^[25]

      That o’er the others like an eagle soars.

      When they together short discourse had held,

      They turn’d to me, with salutation kind

      Beckoning me; at the which my master smiled:

      Nor was this all; but greater honour still

      They gave me, for they made me of their tribe;

      And I was sixth amid so learn’d a band.

      Far as the luminous beacon on we pass’d,

      Speaking of matters, then befitting well

      To speak, now fitter left untold. At foot

      Of a magnificent castle we arrived,

      Seven times with lofty walls begirt, and around

      Defended by a pleasant stream. O’er this

      As o’er dry land we pass’d. Next, through seven gates,

      I with those sages enter’d, and we came

      Into a mead with lively verdure fresh.

      There dwelt a race, who slow their eyes around

      Majestically moved, and in their port

      Bore eminent authority: they spake

      Seldom, but all their words were tuneful sweet.

      We to one side retired, into a place

      Open and bright and lofty, whence each one

      Stood manifest to view. Incontinent,

      There on the green enamel of the plain

      Were shown me the great spirits, by whose sight

      I am exalted in my own esteem.

      Electra^[26] there I saw accompanied

      By many, among whom Hector I knew,

      Anchises’ pious son, and with hawk’s eye

      Cæsar all arm’d, and by Camilla there

      Penthesilea. On the other side,

      Old King Latinus seated by his child

      Lavinia, and that Brutus I beheld

      Who Tarquin chased, Lucretia, Cato’s wife

      Marcia, with Julia^[27] and Cornelia there;

      And sole apart retired, the Soldan fierce.^[28]

      Then when a little more I raised my brow,

      I spied the master of the sapient throng,^[29]

      Seated amid the philosophic train.

      Him all admire, all pay him reverence due.

      There Socrates and Plato both I mark’d

      Nearest to him in rank, Democritus,

      Who sets the world at chance,^[30] Diogenes,

      With Heraclitus, and Empedocles,

      And Anaxagoras, and Thales sage,

      Zeno, and Dioscorides well read

      In nature’s secret lore. Orpheus I mark’d

      And Linus, Tully and moral Seneca,

      Euclid and Ptolemy, Hippocrates,

      Galenus, Avicen, and him who made

      That commentary vast, Averroes.^[31]

      Of all to speak at full were vain attempt;

      For my wide theme so urges, that oft-times

      My words fall short of what bechanced. In two

      The six associates part. Another way

      My sage guide leads me, from that air serene,

      Into a climate ever vex’d with storms:

      And to a part I come, where no light shines.

Canto V

      Argument.—Coming into the second circle of Hell, Dante at the entrance beholds

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