The Connecticut Prison Association and the Search for Reformatory Justice. Gordon S. Bates

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The Connecticut Prison Association and the Search for Reformatory Justice - Gordon S. Bates


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      THE CONNECTICUT PRISON ASSOCIATION AND THE SEARCH FOR REFORMATORY JUSTICE

       A DRIFTLESS CONNECTICUT SERIES BOOK

      This book is a 2015 selection in the Driftless Connecticut Series, for an outstanding book in any field on a Connecticut topic or written by a Connecticut author.

      THE CONNECTICUT PRISON ASSOCIATION AND THE SEARCH FOR REFORMATORY JUSTICE

      Gordon S. Bates

      WESLEYAN UNIVERSITY PRESS

      Middletown, Connecticut

      Wesleyan University Press

      Middletown CT 06459

       www.wesleyan.edu/wespress

      © 2017 Gordon S. Bates

      All rights reserved

      Manufactured in the United States of America

      Designed by Richard Hendel

      Typeset in Utopia and Aller types by

      Tseng Information Systems, Inc.

      The Driftless Connecticut Series is funded by the BEATRICE FOX AUERBACH FOUNDATION FUND at the Hartford Foundation for Public Giving.

      Hardcover ISBN: 978-0-8195-7676-7

      Ebook ISBN: 978-0-8195-7677-4

      Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

      Names: Bates, Gordon S., author.

      Title: The Connecticut Prison Association and the search for reformatory justice / Gordon S. Bates.

      Description: Middletown, Connecticut: Wesleyan University Press, [2017] | Series: Driftless Connecticut series | Includes bibliographical references and index.

      Identifiers: LCCN 2016023302 (print) | LCCN 2016036371 (ebook) | ISBN 9780819576767 (cloth: alk. paper) | ISBN 9780819576774 (ebook)

      Subjects: LCSH: Prisons—Connecticut—History. | Prison administration—Connecticut—History. | Corrections—Connecticut—History. | Criminal justice, Administration of—Connecticut—History. | Connecticut Prison Association.

      Classification: LCC HV9475.C8 B38 2017 (print) | LCC HV9475.C8 (ebook) | DDC 365/.974606—dc23

      LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2016023302

      5 4 3 2 1

      Cover illustration: Richard Celso, A Matter of Trust, 2011. Courtesy of the Community Partners in Action Program.

       CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION Two Faces of Justice 1
ONE Connecticut’s Cultural Context, 1875 9
TWO From Newgate Prison to Wethersfield State Prison, 1775–1875 43
THREE Rehabilitation Rekindled, 1875–1910 75
FOUR Continuity and Regression, 1910–1933 119
FIVE Reform during the Maltbie Era, 1933–1960 167
SIX The Culmination of Progressive Reform, 1960–1970 216
SEVEN Rehabilitation’s Last Hurrah, 1970–1980 268
EIGHT The Return of Retributive Justice, 1980–1990 337
NINE The Legacies of Retribution, 1990–2000 388
EPILOGUE Five Critical Questions 431
Acknowledgments 453
Notes 455
References 479
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