Introduction

      This book is a backpacker’s guide to hiking in Arizona. While many hiking guides cover Arizona, all of them emphasize day hikes. Backpacking Arizona primarily describes backpacking trips of three to six days, although a few overnight hikes and several trips of a week or longer are included.

      Experienced local hikers know that backpacking is one of the best ways to enjoy Arizona’s incredible diversity and beauty. Carrying all you need to live comfortably in the wilderness for days at a time gives the hiker a satisfying feeling of self-sufficiency. Such a “house on your back” enables the backpacker to travel deep into the backcountry, far beyond the reach of hikers limited to a single day. In all but a few places, Arizona backpackers are free to camp nearly anywhere, at sites whose pristine beauty is beyond the imagination of the legions of vehicle recreationists who camp in a few designated campgrounds or heavily overused roadside campsites. Backpacking loads don’t have to be heavy, although some trips do require you to carry heavy water loads. Modern lightweight equipment greatly reduces the load on your back, and there’s a large selection of high-tech packs available that make carrying your gear surprisingly comfortable.

      In Arizona, you can hike through deep canyons, listening to the music of a desert creek and the soft rustle of cottonwood leaves. You can walk the crest of a forested mountain range through cool sylvan glades, observing the shimmering heat of the desert vistas far below through the trembling aspen leaves. You can spend ten days or more wandering the depths of a great canyon system, where even human footprints are rare. You can loop from cactus-studded desert to forested mountains and back to the desert, without seeing another person for days on end, and never be more than fifty miles from the state’s largest city.

      The backpacking trips described in this book are necessarily a reflection of my experience. While I have attempted to present a selection of the best backpack trips in the state, no roomful of Arizona backpackers could ever agree on such a list. You’ll notice right away that the majority of trips are loops. In my opinion, loops are the best backpack trips. Loops eliminate the need for a second vehicle for a car shuttle, and they make the most of your valuable backpacking vacation time. The last thing a backpacker wants to do is spend a day bouncing over dusty roads instead of walking gently through the backcountry. You’ll find only two out-and-back hikes in this book, both through country so unique and beautiful that you’ll not mind seeing the same scenery twice. Of course, there are some great backpack trips that just can’t be done as loops. These trips use trailheads that are as close together as possible, or have commercial shuttle services or public transit available.

      Guidebook writers face an unpleasant dilemma. Such books tend to attract large crowds of people to the described areas. On the other hand, without people who have experienced and appreciated the backcountry, wilderness will have no defenders. Long ago I decided that the risks of large invasions are more than offset by the larger voice they create for the defense of wild country. And make no mistake—the forces of development, driven by people who honestly feel that every corner of the planet should be exploited for human use and corporate profit, are relentless. Only an aware citizenry can stand up for places and creatures that cannot speak for themselves.

      That said, every backpacker shares the responsibility to leave no trace of his or her presence. Arizona wilderness is dry, plants are slow growing, and litter lasts for centuries. Adopt the United States Forest Service’s “Pack it in, pack it out” slogan. Simply put, if you carried it in, you can carry it out. Never bury or burn any sort of trash. Animals dig up food scraps, and man-made materials such as plastics degrade slowly or not at all. Most backcountry litter is accidental, and we can all help by packing out a bit of litter on every trip.

      When following a trail, stay on it and do not cut switchbacks. Taking shortcuts greatly increases erosion and trail maintenance costs, and you’ll always expend more energy than if you followed on the trail. When hiking cross-country, avoid fragile terrain such as cryptobiotic soil as much as possible. Cryptobiotic soil is a thin crust of cooperating plants that forms in desert areas, and especially in pinyon pine and juniper forests. The fragile crust protects the sandy soil from erosion and takes many years to reform once crushed. Don’t build rock cairns to mark your cross-country route. Such markers diminish the next backpacker’s experience and aren’t necessary.

      Desert scenery along the Tonto Plateau

      Many hikers, including some backpackers, enjoy experiencing the wilderness with their four-footed companions. I like dogs, but please remember that not every backpacker does, and no one appreciates having their backcountry experience marred by dogs that bark or run up to them in an intimidating way. Also, dogs are a menacing presence to most wildlife, and certain predators will attempt to entice your dog away from you. Dogs are not allowed on trails or in the backcountry of most national parks. In national forests, dogs must be kept under control at all times, either by voice command or leash. If your dog runs up to other backpackers, chases wildlife, and does not come instantly at your command, it is not under control and must be on a leash or left at home.

      Camping causes the most damage to the backcountry, but good equipment and technique can alleviate nearly all impact. The use of high-quality shelters (tarps, bivi sacks, or tents), sleeping bags, and sleeping pads completely eliminate the need to “improve” a site for comfort, warmth, or safety. The worst campsite “improvement” is a campfire ring. Campfire scars, often full of unburnable trash, mar far too many beautiful places. Never build campfires, except in an emergency. If you have a lightweight, warm sleeping bag and jacket, you’ll stay warmer than you would huddling around a campfire. You’ll also get to enjoy the wider worlds of night sounds, smells, and sky instead of a small circle of smoky light.

      If you do build a campfire, never leave it unattended. Before leaving camp, put your fire out completely. To do this, mix the coals with water repeatedly until there is no heat or smoke, then feel the ashes with your hands to make certain it is out. If you can’t do this, your fire is not out. If you don’t have enough water, use dirt. This accomplishes the same thing as water but takes longer. Never leave a campfire or bury it in dirt. Campfires can easily escape from under a layer of dirt. Abandoned campfires have caused some of Arizona’s worst wildfires, including one that burned the entire Four Peaks Wilderness in 1966: more than 60,000 acres were burned. Smoking is another common cause of wildfires. In the national forests, it is illegal to smoke while traveling along the trails or cross-country. Smokers are required to stop and clear a two-foot circle to bare earth, and then make certain that all smoking materials are extinguished before leaving.

      Superstition Wilderness

      Once away from facilities, most people have little knowledge of basic human sanitation. Fortunately, the word has spread among backpackers and most seem to know what to do, but Arizona’s dry climate warrants special consideration. Since springs, water pockets, creeks, and rivers are especially precious here, make an extra effort to answer the call of nature at least one hundred yards from any water, preferably further. The normal practice of digging a small “cat hole” for your waste works well, except in barren, sandy soil. Try to find a spot where the soil is rich in organic material, if possible. Most rangers and land managers now recommend that all used toilet paper should be carried out. It is slow to degrade in the dry climate, and burning it poses an unacceptable fire hazard much of the year. Pack it out in doubled zipper plastic bags, and add a bit of baking soda to control the odor.

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