Marine Fishes of South-East Asia. Gerry Allen
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18 cm.
11 FALSE STONEFISH
Scorpaenopsis diabolus (Cuvier, 1829)
Inhabits coral reef crevices and rubble bottoms; distinguished by well camouflaged appearance, humped back, and bright yellow-orange patch on inner surface (not shown) of pectoral fins; often confused with the true stonefish (Synanceja), which is far more venomous; found throughout the region; Indo-C. Pacific; to 18 cm.
12 WHITE-BELLIED ROUGEFISH
Richardsonichthys leucogaster (Richardson, 1848)
Inhabits trawling grounds; distinguished by laterally compressed body, forward position (above rear part of eye) of dorsal fin origin, relatively large eye, and complete lack of scales; found throughout the region; Indo-W. Pacific; to 8 cm.
13 LEAF SCORPIONFISH
Taenianotus triacanthus Lacepède, 1802
Inhabits offshore coral reefs; distinguished by thin leaf-like body and tall dorsal fin, several colour varieties encountered including ones that are predominantly reddish, yellow, or black; offshore reefs of W. Australia, Great Barrier Reef, and throughout S.E. Asia; Indo-C. Pacific; to 10 cm.
14 DEEPSEA SCORPIONFISH
Setarches guentheri Johnston, 1862
Inhabits offshore trawling grounds, distinguished by overall red colour without distinct marks, relatively pointed snout, very stout spines on edge of cheek, and 12 dorsal spines; N.W. Australia; worldwide in tropical seas; to 23 cm.
PLATE 21
1 SANDPAPER VELVETFISH
Adventor elongatus (Whitley, 1952)
Inhabits trawling grounds; distinguished by elongate body shape and bony knobs on head, similar to 5 below, but dorsal fin begins further back on head; N. Australia only; to 11 cm. (APLOACTINIDAE)
2 DUSKY VELVETFISH
Aploactis aspersa (Temminck & Schlegel, 1844)
Inhabits trawling grounds; has longer anal fin base than other velvet fishes on this page; colour sometimes brown; found throughout the region, but rare; E. Indian Ocean and W. Pacific; to 9 cm. (APLOACTINIDAE)
SCORPIONFISH COLOURS
The coloration of many of the scorpionfishes shown on this plate is extremely variable, depending on size, depth, and habitat; it is not unusual for the same species to exhibit very different patterns at a particular locality. For example the Northern Scorpionfish (5) is often mottled brown when found among rocks in shallow weedy areas, and red (as shown) if seen in caves on deeper sections of the reef.
SCORPIONFISHES AND ALLIED FAMILIES
The families featured on Plates 19-21 are members of the order Scorpaeniformes. They are distinguished by a bony ridge on the cheek and the head is frequently spiny or tassled. All are bottom living fishes that occur in a variety of depths and habitats. They often exhibit variegated colour patterns that blend well with their surroundings.
PLATE 21: VELVETFISHES, GURNARDS, AND FLATHEADS
1 SANDPAPER VELVETFISH
Adventor elongatus (Whitley, 1952). Text on previous page.
2 DUSKY VELVETFISH
Aploactis aspersa (Temminck & Schlegel, 1844). Text on previous page.
3 THIN VELVETFISH
Coccotropus sp.
Inhabits trawling grounds and sandy areas near reefs; distinguished by laterally compressed body, steep forehead, and tall anterior part of dorsal fin that begins above eye; similar to some scorpionfishes (Plates 19-20) but has bony knobs (versus spines) on head and body covered with prickles, possibly N.W. Australia only; to 5 cm. (APLOACTINIDAE)
4 THREEFIN VELVETFISH
Neoaploactis tridorsalis Eschmeyer & Allen, 1978 Inhabits sand or rubble bottoms near reefs, distinguished by 3 separate dorsal fins; N. Australia only; to 5 cm. (APLOACTINIDAE)
5 BEARDED VELVETFISH
Paraploactis intonsa Poss & Eschmeyer, 1978
Inhabits trawling grounds, similar to 1 and 2 above, but deeper bodied, steeper forehead, and dorsal fin begins above eye; P. pulvinus (not shown) is similar, but lacks prickles on ventral surface of lower jaw; known only from Shark Bay, W. Australia only; to 14 cm. (APLOACTINIDAE)
6 DARK-FINNED VELVETFISH
Kanekonia aniara (Thompson, 1967)
Inhabits continental shelf in about 200 m depth; distinguished by pale colouration except for blackish fins; N.W. Australia and E. Queensland; E. Indian Ocean and W. Pacific; to 10 cm. (APLOACTINIDAE)
7 LONG-FINNED GURNARD
Lepidotrigla argus Ogilby, 1910
Inhabits trawling grounds; distinguished by pair of short forward projecting spines on snout and enlarged fan-like pectoral fins with blue and yellow markings and blue-edged black spot; N. Australia only; to 18 cm. (TRIGLIDAE)
8 BLACK-FINNED GURNARD
Pterygotrigla leptacanthus (Günther, 1880)
Inhabits trawling grounds; similar to 7 above, but lacks scales, has longer forward projecting spines on snout, and blackish pectoral fins; N.W. Australia and Arafura Sea; to 15 cm. (TRIGLIDAE)
9 HALF-SPOTTED GURNARD
Pterygotrigla hemisticta (Temminck & Schlegel, 1844)
Inhabits trawling grounds, similar to 8 above, but has black spot on first dorsal fin and scattered brown spots on back; N.W. Australia and Indonesia; E. Indian Ocean and W. Pacific; to 25 cm. (TRIGLIDAE)
10 SLENDER ARMOURED-GURNARD
Peristedion liorhynchus (Gunther, 1872)
Inhabits trawling grounds, distinguished by dark margin on dorsal fins and banded pectoral fins; shape from dorsal view similar to 11 below; found throughout the region; E. Indian Ocean and W Pacific; to 25 cm. (TRIGLIDAE)
11 SPOTTED ARMOURED-GURNARD
Satyrichthys rieffeli (Kaup, 1859)
Inhabits trawling grounds; distinguished by black spotting on head, body and dorsal fin; shape from side view similar to 10 above; N.W. Australia and Indonesia; E. Indian Ocean and W. Pacific; to 20 cm. (TRIGLIDAE)
12 FRINGE-EYED FLATHEAD
Papilloculiceps nematophthalmus (Gunther, 1860)
Inhabits sand bottoms; distinguished by 6-9 skin tentacles above eye (versus 0-1 in most flatheads), 7-8 dusky bands across nape and back extending on to sides, and strongly variegated pattern on fins; found throughout the region; Indo-Australian Archipelago; to 58 cm. (PLATY CEPHALIDAE)
13 DWARF FLATHEAD
Elates ransonnetti (Steindachner, 1877)
Inhabits sand bottoms; distinguished by 6 dorsal spines (versus 7-9 spines for other flatheads), filamentous upper lobe of tail, and semi-transparent appearance; found throughout the region; Indo-Australian Archipelago; to 19 cm. (PLATYCEPHALIDAE)
14 HARRIS’S FLATHEAD
Inegocia harrisii (McCulloch, 1914)
Inhabits sand bottoms, distinguished by overall orange-brown colour with fine brown spots on back and white below, irregular dark bars on pectoral fins, and elongate dark streaks on tail; N. Australia only; to 20 cm. (PLATYCEPHALIDAE)
15 SPINY FLATHEAD
Onigocia spinosa (Temminck & Schlegel, 1844)
Inhabits