Equine Lameness for the Layman. G. Robert Grisel, DVM
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Lameness
Reference Chart: Common Causes of Poor Behavior in the Symmetrically Moving Horse
Reference Chart: Classification of Unique Gait Deficits
14 Terminology Relating to the Horse’s Movement
Reference Chart: Basic Classification of Equine Joints
15 The Relationship Between Anatomy and Expression of Gait
Reference Chart: The Correlation Between Anatomic Function and the Nature of Associated Lameness
The Stay-Apparatus of the Hind Limb
Reference Chart: Extrinsic Influences on the Behavior of the Hind Stay-Apparatus
Reference Chart: Classic Symptoms Associated with Mild Interference of the Hind Stay-Apparatus
The Stay-Apparatus of the Forelimb
17 Anatomic Behavior of the Lower Limb
19 Altered Muscle Anatomy and Function
Reference Chart: Intrinsic (Muscular) Causes for Biomechanical Lameness
The Fundamentals of Productive Observation
Reference Chart: Setting for Basic Visual Lameness Assessment
21 Rules of Effective Lameness Assessment
22 Key Visible Elements of the Equine Gait
Asymmetry in the Quality of Stride
The Method of Visual Lameness Assessment
Reference Chart: Basic Lameness Evaluation Protocol
23 Identifying the Affected Areas
Detecting Complicated Lameness
Reference Chart: Basic Gaits of the Horse
24 Determining the Nature of Lameness
Highlighting the Nature of Lameness During Assessment
25 Determining the Severity (Degree) of Lameness
Standardized Grading of Lameness
Reference Chart: American Association of Equine Practitioners (AAEP) Grading Scale
26 Determining Extrinsic Influences on Lameness
Temporal and Thermic Variations