UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA PRESS

      PHILADELPHIA

      Originally published as Rossiiskie evrei mezhdu krasnymi ibelymi, 1917–1920 (Moscow: ROSSPEN, 2005)

      Publication of this volume was assisted by a grant from the Lucius N. Littauer Foundation.

      Copyright © 2012 University of Pennsylvania Press

      All rights reserved. Except for brief quotations used for purposes of review or scholarly citation, none of this book may be reproduced in any form by any means without written permission from the publisher.

      Published by

      University of Pennsylvania Press Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-4112 www.upenn.edu/pennpress

      Printed in the United States of America on acid-free paper

      10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

      Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Budnitskii, O.

      [Rossiiskie evrei mezhdu krasnymi i belymi. English]

      Russian Jews between the Reds and the Whites, 1917–1920 /

      Oleg Budnitskii ; translated by Timothy J. Portice. — 1st ed.

      p. cm. — (Jewish culture and contexts)

      Includes bibliographical references and index.

      ISBN 978-0-8122-4364-2 (hardcover : alk. paper)

      1. Soviet Union—History—Revolution, 1917–1921—Jews.

      2. Jews—Soviet Union—History. I. Title. II. Series:

      Jewish culture and contexts.

      DK265.9.J48B8313 2012

      947.084'1—dc23

      2011030184

       In memory of my father, Vitaly Danilovich Budnitskii (1930–1990)

      CONTENTS

       List of Abbreviations

       Introduction

       Chapter 1. Jews in the Russian Empire, 1772–1917

       Chapter 2. The Jews and the Russian Revolution

       Chapter 3. The Bolsheviks and the Jews

       Chapter 4. “No Shneerzons!” The White Movement and the Jews

       Chapter 5. Trump Card: Antisemitism in White Ideology and Propaganda

       Chapter 6. In the Shadow of the Holocaust: The Pogroms of 1918–1920

       Chapter 7. Russian Liberalism and the “Jewish Question”

       Chapter 8. The “Jewish Question,” White Diplomacy, and the Western Democracies

       Chapter 9. Battling Balfour: White Diplomacy, the Russian Orthodox Church, and the Problem of the Establishment of the Jewish State in Palestine

       Chapter 10. Jews and the Red Army

       Conclusion

       Notes

       Bibliography of Archival Sources

       Index

       Acknowledgments

      Gallery follows.

      ABBREVIATIONS

BAR	Bakhmeteff Archive of Russian and East European History and Culture, Columbia University
CC	Central Committee
Cheka	Extraordinary Commission for Combating Counterrevolution and Sabotage
Comintern	Communist International
d.	delo, a file within a fond (archival term)
EKOPO	Jewish Committee for Assistance to War Victims
ESDRP	Jewish Social Democratic Workers' Party
Evkom	Jewish Commissariat of the People's Comissariat of Nationalities
Evvoensek	Jewish Section of the Department of International Propaganda of the Political Administration of the People's War Commissariat of the Ukrainian SSR
f.	fond, document collection (archival term)
GARF	State Archive of the Russian Federation
GARO	State Archive of the Rostov oblast
Gorkom	City Committee
Gubkom	Gubernia Committee
HIA	Hoover Institution Archives, Stanford University
Joint	American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee
l.	page (archival term)
LRA	Leeds Russian Archive
Narkom	People's Commissar
OESRP	United Jewish Socialist Workers' Party
OGPU	State Political Directorate, successor to the Cheka
op.	inventory (archival term)
Polrevkom	Polish Revolutionary Committee
Revkom	Revolutionary Committee
RGASPI	Russian State Archive of Social-Political History
RKP	Russian Communist Party
SERP	Jewish Socialist Workers' Party
Sovdep	Soviet of Workers', Soldiers', and Peasants' Deputies
Sovnarkom	Soviet of People's Commissars
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