Empire by Collaboration. Robert Michael Morrissey
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Empire by Collaboration
EARLY AMERICAN STUDIES
Series editors:
Daniel K. Richter, Kathleen M. Brown,
Max Cavitch, and David Waldstreicher
Exploring neglected aspects of our colonial, revolutionary, and early national history and culture, Early American Studies reinterprets familiar themes and events in fresh ways. Interdisciplinary in character, and with a special emphasis on the period from about 1600 to 1850, the series is published in partnership with the McNeil Center for Early American Studies.
Empire by Collaboration
Indians, Colonists, and Governments in Colonial Illinois Country
Robert Michael Morrissey
UNIVERSIY OF PENNSYLVANIA PRESS
PHILADELPHIA
Copyright © 2015 University of Pennsylvania Press
All rights reserved. Except for brief quotations used for purposes of review or scholarly citation, none of this book may be reproduced in any form by any means without written permission from the publisher.
Published by
University of Pennsylvania Press
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-4112
Printed in the United States of America on acid-free paper
1 3 5 7 9 10 8 6 4 2
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Morrissey, Robert Michael.
Empire by collaboration : Indians, colonists, and governments in colonial Illinois country / Robert Michael Morrissey. — 1st ed.
p. cm. — (Early American studies)
ISBN 978-0-8122-4699-5 (hardcover : alk. paper)
1. Illinois—Colonization—History. 2. France—Colonies—Administration. 3. Great Britain—Colonies—Administration. 4. Illinois—Civilization—History—17th century. 5. Illinois—Civilization—History—18th century. 6. Indians of North America—Illinois—History—17th century. 7. Indians of North America—Illinois—History—18th century. 8. Jesuits—Missions—Illinois. I. Title. II. Series: Early American studies.
F544.M875 2015
977.3′01—dc23
2014032473
For my parents, Mike and Flavia
Contents
Introduction. An Earnest Invitation
Chapter 1. Opportunists in the Borderlands
Chapter 2. The Imaginary Kingdom
Chapter 3. Collaboration and Community
Chapter 4. A Dangerous Settlement
Chapter 5. Collaborators: Indians and Empire
Chapter 6. Creolization and Collaboration
Chapter 7. Strains on Collaboration in French Illinois
Chapter 8. Demanding Collaboration in British Illinois
Conclusion. The End of Collaboration
Illustrations
Figures
1. Invitation sérieuse aux habitants des Illinois
2. Capitaine de La Nation des Illinois
3. “Chasse Génèrale au Boeuf, mais à pied”
5. Illinois hide robe with thunderbird
6. Winnebago pictogram on 1701 Great Peace treaty, Montreal
8. Marquette map of 1673, detail
9. Franquelin’s map of 1684, with Grand Village of the Kaskaskia
10. Illinois-to-French dictionary by Jacques Gravier, 1690s
11. Godparent network in Kaskaskia, 1694–1718
12. Signatures of Illinois-speaking villages on 1701 Great Treaty
13. Map of two Kaskaskias, by Diron D’Artaguiette, 1732
14. Illinois Indians, 1735
15. Jacques Bourdon’s commercial connections, 1720–25
16. Godparent and marriage network in Kaskaskia, 1700–1735
17. “French habitation in the country of the Illinois”
18. “Indian of the nation of the Kaskaskia”
19. Fort de Chartres
20. Map of “British” Illinois by Thomas Hutchins, circa 1770
21. “Recueil de Piéces,” anthology of French petitions
22. Wah-pe-seh-see
23. Kee-món-saw
Map