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Figures

       Chart of rock art styles

       Chronology of Plateau cultures

       Petroglyph, western MT

       Stickman and animal, Kila, western MT

       The Kila pictographs

       Western Montana motifs (%)

       Stick figure humans, western MT

       Communal hunt pictograph, Bitterroot valley

       Shield-bearing warriors, Bitterroot valley

       Panel at Kila

       Upside-down bison at Kila

       Variety of animals, western MT

       Bison at Kila pictographs

       Painted deer, Flathead River site

       Pictographs, western MT

       Stickmen and tally marks, western MT

       Tally marks and geometric figures

       Animals and geometric designs

       Sun pictograph near Kalispell

       Vision quest symbolism

       Vision quest art, Columbia Plateau

       Interior B.C. motifs (%)

       Stick figure humans, B.C.

       Hunting theme in B.C. pictographs

       Spirit beings

       Spirit figure, Keremeos Creek, B.C.

       Animal pictographs, B.C.

       Painted deer, Kootenay Lake

       Lone Cabin Creek petroglyphs

       Lone Cabin Creek boulder

       Vision quest symbolism

       Pictographs of women’s spirit quest

       Painted basalt cobble

       Humans with rayed arcs

       Bear-paw petroglyphs, Lake Pend Oreille, ID

       Central Columbia Plateau motifs (%)

       Pictographs of humans, central Plateau

       The Twins, Vantage, WA

       Humans with rayed arcs or rayed heads

       Animals, central Plateau

       Mountain sheep and hunter, Lake Chelan, WA

       Mountain sheep, Vantage, WA

       Rock art horses

       Circled pictographs, Long Lake, WA

       Hunting scene petroglyphs, mid-Plateau

       Deer petroglyphs, Vantage, WA

       Painted twins, near The Dalles

       Columbia Plateau twin figures

       Bowman shooting elk

       Hunting petroglyphs, B.C.

       Communal hunt pictograph, Lake Chelan, WA

       Yakima polychrome style motifs

       Abstract pictographs, northern OR

       Lower Columbia River motifs (%)

       Human figures and geometries, Bend, OR

       Mountain sheep hunting scene

       Horses and riders

       Faces or masks of mythical beings

       Anthropomorphs and zoomorphs

       The Spedis Owl

       Rock art animals, lower Columbia River

       Mountain sheep and deer or elk, lower Plateau

       Dogs in hunting scene, northern OR

       Fish petroglyph near The Dalles

       Lizards

       Rayed arcs and circles

       Painted geometric patterns, lower Plateau

       Curvilinear petroglyph figures

       Tsagiglalal, near The Dalles

       Tsagiglalal petroglyphs

       The Tsagiglalal motif

       Buffalo Eddy site panel

       Southeastern Columbia Plateau motifs (%)

       Triangular-body humans, Buffalo Eddy petroglyphs

       The hand print, Hells Canyon pictograph

       Horses and hunting, Hells Canyon pictographs

       Animal pictographs, southeastern Plateau

       Buffalo Eddy pictographs

       Abstract petroglyphs along Snake River

       Abstract pictograph, upper Salmon River

       Complex pictographs, lower Salmon River

       Petroglyphs of humans, Snake River site

       Hells Canyon petroglyphs and pictographs

       Human and animal figures, Salmon River and Hells Canyon

       Stickmen, horses, and tally marks, Stoddard Creek

       Horseback buffalo hunters, near Buffalo Eddy

       Columbia Plateau horses

       Dendrogram of Columbia Plateau styles

      Preface

      I SAW MY FIRST INDIAN ROCK painting in western Montana when I was nine years old. My father had heard of the site several years before, and finally agreed to take an eager son who had just become fascinated with American Indians and their history. I still remember the experience: I marveled at the red painted deer that covered the rock wall and wondered what the nearby tally marks meant. To look at these pictures and to realize that they were painted before European Americans came to Montana was heady stuff for a boy who had just read about the Indian wars, Custer, Fort Fetterman, and the Wagon Box Fight.

      During the next ten years, I visited several more sites in western and central Montana, usually on family outings. Then I entered college, and began studying archaeology, and found the library to be a treasure house of books and articles about rock art across the United States and around the world. I read everything I could find on the subject and scoured professional journals for the few articles concerning the rock art of my home state. In 1974, when I got the chance to do archaeological field work, I began my first rock art research project: recording the pictographs of western Montana, including the site that had sparked my interest fifteen years before. Imagine

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