GLOBAL AND REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT AND IMPACT OF BIOFUELS

       A FOCUS ON THE GREATER MEKONG SUBREGION

      Jikun Huang, Jun Yang, and Huanguang Qiu

      Center for Chinese Agricultural Policy, Chinese Academy of Sciences

      Scott Rozelle

      Stanford University

      Mercedita A. Sombilla

      Southeast Asian Center for Graduate Study and Research in Agriculture

      © 2009 Asian Development Bank

      All rights reserved. Published 2008.

      Printed in the Philippines.

      ISBN 978-971-561-846-5

      Publication Stock No. RPT090356

      Cataloging-In-Publication Data

      Asian Development Bank.

      Global and Regional Development and Impact of Biofuels: A Focus on the Greater Mekong Subregion Mandaluyong City, Philippines: Asian Development Bank, 2009.

      1. Biofuels. I. Asian Development Bank.

      The views expressed in this book are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views and policies of the Asian Development Bank (ADB) or its Board of Governors or the governments they represent.

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      Acknowledgment

      The study “Strategy for Integrating Biofuel and Rural Renewable Energy Production in Agriculture for Poverty Reduction in the Greater Mekong Subregion” is a successful result of the close collaborative work among affiliates and friends of the Greater Mekong Subregion Economic Development Initiative. The study was made possible by funding from the Asian Development Bank (ADB) and the International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD). Special thanks are also due to the Food Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO); and to its Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific (FAO RAP) in Bangkok for its assistance in organizing and hosting a number of workshops and meetings that brought together collaborators and partners to discuss the emerging issues confronting the development of the Greater Mekong Subregion (GMS).

      The study was led and coordinated by Mercedita A. Sombilla of the Southeast Asian Center for Graduate Study and Research in Agriculture (SEARCA) and could not have been completed without the strong support of the governments of the GMS countries, particularly the national biofuel assessment teams composed of the following eminent experts and technical personnel:

      Luyna Ung, Hay Sovuthea, and Sophiak Siek of the Supreme National Economic Council; and Sar Chetra of the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries for the assessment study “Status and Potential for the Development of Biofuels and Rural Renewable Energy: Cambodia”;

      Jikun Huang, Huanguang Qiu, and Jun Yang of the Center for Chinese Agricultural Policy, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Yuhua Zhang and Yanli Zhang of the Institute of Rural Energy and Environmental Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Engineering; and Yahui Zhang of the Center of International Cooperative Service, Ministry of Agriculture for the assessment study “Status and Potential for the Development of Biofuels and Rural Renewable Energy: the People’s Republic of China”;

      Kham Sanatem of the Forestry and Agriculture Promotion Center, Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry; Bouathep Malaykham of the Electric Power Management Division, Department of Electricity, Ministry of Energy and Mines; Phouvong Phommabouth, Department of Trade Promotion, Ministry of Industry and Commerce; Sounthone Ketphanh, National Agriculture and Forestry Research Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry; and Keophayvan Insixiengmai, Technology Research Institute, Science and Technology Agency for the assessment study “Status and Potential for the Development of Biofuels and Rural Renewable Energy: the Lao People’s Democratic Republic”;

      U Hla Kyaw of the Department of Agriculture and Planning, Ministry of Agriculture and Irrigation; Thandar Kyi of Yezin Agricultural University; San Thein, Myanma Industrial Crop Development Enterprise, Ministry of Agriculture and Irrigation; U Aung Hlaing, Department of Agricultural Planning; and U Tin Maung Shwe, Myanmar Academy of Agriculture, Forestry, Livestock and Fishery Sciences for the assessment study “Status and Potential for the Development of Biofuels and Rural Renewable Energy: Myanmar”;

      Suthiporn Chirapanda, independent consultant; Sudarat Techasriprasert, Office of Agricultural Economics; Somjate Pratummin, Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives; Samai Jain, Ministry of Science and Technology; and Prapon Wongtarua, Ministry of Energy, for the assessment study “Status and Potential for the Development of Biofuels and Rural Renewable Energy: Thailand”;

      Nguyen Do Anh Tuan, Nguyen Anh Phong, Nguyen Nghia Lan, and Ta Thi Khanh Van of the Institute of Policy and Strategic Agricultural and Rural Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development (MARD); Tran The Tuong of the Department of Crop Production, MARD; Phan Dang Hung, Department of Forestry, MARD; Vi Viet Hoang, Department of Cooperation and Rural Development, MARD; and Ha Van Chuc, Department of Livestock Production, MARD, for the assessment study “Status and Potential for the Development of Biofuels and Rural Renewable Energy: Viet Nam”; and

      Jikun Huang, Jun Yang and Huanguang Qiu of the Center for Chinese Agricultural Policy, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Scott Rozelle of Stanford University; and Mercedita A. Sombilla of SEARCA, for the projection study “Global and Regional Development and Impact of Biofuels: A Focus on the Greater Mekong Subregion”.

      The country reports were consolidated in the report entitled “Integrating Biofuel and Rural Renewable Energy Production in Agriculture for Poverty Reduction in the Greater Mekong Subregion: An Overview and Strategic Framework for Biofuel Development” by Mercedita A. Sombilla of SEARCA; and Urooj S. Malik, A. K. Mahfuz Ahmed, and Sarah L. Cueno of the Southeast Asia Department, ADB.

      During the course of this study, the team received valuable advice and guidance from many individuals and agencies. Special thanks are due to Urooj Malik, Director, Christopher Wensley, Officer-in-Charge, and Mahfuz Ahmed, Senior Agricultural Economist of the Agriculture, Environment, and Natural Resources Division, Southeast Asia Department, ADB; Thomas Elhaut, Director, Asia and the Pacific Region, IFAD; Hiroyuki Konuma of FAO RAP, Bangkok, Thailand; and the members of the GMS Working Group on Agriculture: San Vanty, Under Secretary of State, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Cambodia; Tang Shengyao, Director of Asia and Africa Division, Department