Water–Energy Nexus in the People's Republic of China and Emerging Issues. Lijin Zhong. Читать онлайн. MREADZ.NET

The views expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views and policies of the Asian Development Bank (ADB) or its Board of Governors or the governments they represent.

ADB does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this publication and accepts no responsibility for any consequence of their use. The mention of specific companies or products of manufacturers does not imply that they are endorsed or recommended by ADB in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned.

By making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area, or by using the term “country” in this document, ADB does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area.

This work is available under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 IGO license (CC BY 3.0 IGO) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/. By using the content of this publication, you agree to be bound by the terms of this license. For attribution, translations, adaptations, and permissions, please read the provisions and terms of use at https://www.adb.org/terms-use#openaccess

This CC license does not apply to non-ADB copyright materials in this publication. If the material is attributed to another source, please contact the copyright owner or publisher of that source for permission to reproduce it. ADB cannot be held liable for any claims that arise as a result of your use of the material.

Please contact [email protected] if you have questions or comments with respect to content, or if you wish to obtain copyright permission for your intended use that does not fall within these terms, or for permission to use the ADB logo.

Notes:

In this publication, “$” refers to US dollars.

ADB recognizes “China” as the People’s Republic of China.

Corrigenda to ADB publications may be found at http://www.adb.org/publications/corrigenda

Figures

1: Freshwater Withdrawals in the PRC, by Sector, 1950-2010	5
2: Baseline Water Stress and Provincial Water Withdrawals in the PRC, by Sector, 2012	6
3: Primary Energy Supply in the PRC, 2000-2014	8
4: Major Coal Bases and Baseline Water Stress in the PRC	13
5: Water Use in Coal Mining in the PRC	14
6: Water Use in Oil Production in the PRC	20
7: Flow Diagram of Refining Process and Water Use in a Refinery with a Hydrocracker	21
8: Schematic Diagram of Water Use in Unconventional Natural Gas (Tight Gas and Shale Gas) Production	23
9: Shale Gas Plays and Baseline Water Stress in the PRC	25
10: Power Generation Mix of the PRC, 2014	27
11: Schematic Diagrams of Different Cooling Technologies Used in Thermal Power Plants	31
12: Trends in Power Generation and Associated Water Withdrawal in the PRC, 2000-2014	32
13: Water Withdrawal and Wastewater Factors for Power Plants in the PRC, 2000-2012	33
14: Cooling Technologies in the PRC Power Sector	33
15: Distribution of Cooling Technologies in the PRC, by Region, 2011	34
16: Share of Power Production, Water Withdrawal, and Consumption in PRC Totals, by Cooling Type, 2011	34
17: Water Withdrawal Intensity in the PRC, by Province, 2011	35
18: Water Consumption Intensity in the PRC, by Province, 2011	36
19: Share of Power Production, Water Withdrawal, and Consumption, by Region, 2011	36
20: Freshwater Withdrawal by the Power Sector in the PRC under the Various Reference Scenarios, 2020 and 2030	38
21: Water Consumption in the PRC, by Cooling Type, under the Various Reference Scenarios, 2020-2030	39
22: Water Resource Fees for Industrial Use	41
23: Proposed Hydropower Bases in the PRC	44
24: Schematic Diagram of Pumped Storage Hydropower Plant	47
25: Schematic Flow Diagram of Different Stages of Water Treatment	58
26: Schematic Diagram of a Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant	59

Tables

Скачать книгу

1 2 >В конец

1: Water Resource Distribution Between the Northern and Southern Regions of the PRC, 2014