ArchiMate® 3.1 Specification. The Open Group
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activity that can be performed by one or more active structure elements.
Behavior elements are denoted in the standard iconography using boxes with round corners and an icon in the upper-right corner, or by the icon on its own.
Figure 8: Generic Internal Behavior Element Notation
An external behavior element, called a service, represents an explicitly defined exposed behavior.
Figure 9: Generic External Behavior Element (Service) Notation
Thus, a service is the externally visible behavior of the providing system, from the perspective of systems that use that service; the environment consists of everything outside this providing system. The value offered to the user of the service provides the motivation for the existence of the service. For the users, only this exposed behavior and value, together with non-functional aspects such as the quality of service, costs, etc., are relevant. These can be specified in a contract or Service-Level Agreement (SLA). Services are accessible through interfaces.
In addition to this, a third type of behavior element is defined to denote an event that can occur; for example, to signal a state change.
An event represents a state change.
An event may have a time attribute that indicates the moment or moments at which the event happens. For example, this can be used to model time schedules.
Figure 10: Generic Event Notation
4.1.3 Passive Structure Elements
Passive structure elements can be accessed by behavior elements.
A passive structure element represents an element on which behavior is performed.
A passive structure element is a structural element that cannot perform behavior. Active structure elements can perform behavior on passive structure elements. Passive structure elements are often information or data objects, but they can also represent physical objects.
Figure 11: Generic Passive Structure Element Notation
4.2 Specializations of Structure and Behavior Elements
The specializations of core elements are summarized in Figure 12. Within each layer, it is permitted to use composition and aggregation relationships between processes, functions, and interactions; e.g., a process can be composed of other processes, functions, and/or interactions.
Figure 12: Specializations of Core Elements
For individual internal behavior elements, a distinction is made between processes and functions.
A process represents a sequence of behaviors that achieves a specific result.
Figure 13: Generic Process Notation
A function represents a collection of behavior based on specific criteria, such as required resources, competencies, or location.
Figure 14: Generic Function Notation
The collective nature of a behavior can be made either implicit (several active structure elements assigned to the same internal behavior via an and junction) or explicit through the use of a collective internal behavior (interaction) that is performed by (a collaboration of) multiple active structure elements.
A collaboration represents an aggregate of two or more internal active structure elements, working together to perform some collective behavior.
Figure 15: Generic Collaboration Notation
This collective internal behavior can be modeled as an interaction.
An interaction represents a unit of collective behavior that must be performed by two or more internal active structure elements, either assigned directly or aggregated in a collaboration.
Figure 16: Generic Interaction Notation
4.3 Summary of Structure and Behavior Elements
Table 1 gives an overview of the core elements, their definitions, and their default graphical notation. But note that most of these elements are abstract; they are not used in models but only their descendants in the different layers of the ArchiMate language.
Table 1: Core Elements
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