The Expeditions. Maʿmar ibn Rāshid
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ما شككتُ منذ أسلمت إلّا يومئذ. قال: فأتيت النبيّ صلّى الله عليه وسلّم، فقلتُ: ألستَ نبيّ الله حقًّا؟
قال: بلى.
قلت: ألسنا على الحقّ وعدوّنا على الباطل؟
قال: بلى.
قلت: فلِمَ نعطي الدنيّة في ديننا؟
فقال: إنّي رسول الله ولست أعصيه، وهو ناصري.
قلت: أولست كنت تحدّثنا أنّا سنأتي البيت، فنطوف به؟
قال: بلى، فأخبرتُك أنّك تأتيه العام؟
قلت: لا.
قال: فإنّك آتيه ومطوّف به.
قال: فأتيتُ أبا بكر، فقلتُ: يا أبا بكر! أليس هذا نبيّ الله حقًّا؟
قال: بلى.
قلتُ: ألسنا على الحقّ وعدوّنا على الباطل؟
قال: بلى.
قلتُ: فلِمَ نعطي الدنية في ديننا إذًا؟
قال: أيّها الرجل! إنّه رسول الله وليس يعصي ربّـه وهو ناصره. فاستمسكْ بغَرْزِه حتّى تموت. فوالله إنّا١ لعلى الحقّ.
قلت: أوليس كان يحدّثنا أنّا سنأتي البيت ونطوف به؟
قال: فأخبرك أنه سيأتيه العام؟
قلت: لا.
قال: فإِنّـك آتيه ومطوّف به.
قال الزهريّ: قال عمر: فعملت لذلك أعمالًا.
١ مم؛ ط،بخ: إنه.
ʿUmar ibn al-Khaṭṭāb said, “By God, until that day, I had never once had doubts since becoming Muslim, so I went to the Prophet and asked:
“‘Are you not truly God’s prophet?’
“‘Yes,’ he said.
“‘Are we not in the right and our enemies in the wrong?’
“‘Yes,’ he said.
“‘Then why,’ I asked, ‘do we wrap our religion in disgrace?’
“‘I am indeed the Messenger of God,’ he said, ‘and I do not disobey Him. He is the one who grants me victory.’
“‘Did you not tell us that we would come to the Sacred House and circumambulate it?’
“‘Yes,’ he said, ‘but did I inform you that you would come to it this year?’
“‘No,’ I said.
“He said, ‘But you will indeed go to it and circle around it.’”
ʿUmar said, “Then I came to Abū Bakr and asked,
“‘O Abū Bakr! Is this not truly the prophet of God?’
“‘Yes,’ he said.
“I asked, ‘And are we not on the side of truth and our enemies on the side of error?’
“‘Yes,’ he said.
“‘Then why,’ I asked, ‘do we wrap our religion in disgrace?’
“He replied, ‘Listen, man! He is indeed the Messenger of God! He does not disobey his Lord, and He is the one who grants him victory. So hold tightly to his saddle until you die. By God, we are on the side of truth!’
“I asked, ‘And has he not told us that we will come to the Sacred House and circumambulate it?’
“‘Did he inform you that you would come to it this year?’ Abū Bakr asked.
“‘No,’ I said.
‘But,’ he said, ‘you will indeed come to it and circle around it.’”
Al-Zuhrī said: ʿUmar said, “Because of my doubts, I performed several good deeds in expiation.”
2.3.8
قال: فلمّا فرغ من قضيّة الكتاب، قال رسول الله صلّى الله عليه وسلّم لأصحابه: قوموا، فانحروا، ثمّ احلقوا. قال: فوالله ما قام منهم رجل حتّى قال ذلك ثلاث مرّات. قال: فلمّا لم يقم منهم أحد، قام فدخل على أمّ سلمة، فذكر لها ما لقي من الناس. فقالت أمّ سلمة: يا نبيّ الله! أتحبّ ذلك؟ اخرج، ثمّ لا تكلّم أحدًا منهم حتّى تنحر بدنك وتدعو حالقك، فيحلقك. فقام فخرج فلم يكلّم أحدًا منهم حتّى فعل ذلك. نحر بدنه ودعا حالقه فحلقه. فلمّا رأوا ذلك، قاموا فنحروا وجعل بعضهم يحلق بعضًا حتّى كاد يقتل بعضهم بعضًا غمـًّا.
When he had finished with the matter of the written agreement, the Messenger of God said to his companions, “Rise up and make your sacrifices, and then shave your heads,” but not a single man from among them stood up, even after the Prophet had said that three times. When not one of them had risen, he stood up and went to see Umm Salamah. When he told her how the people had responded to him, Umm Salamah said, “O Prophet of God! If you don’t like that, then go back out, but don’t say anything to them until you have sacrificed your camel and called for your barber to shave your head.” So he got up, went out, uttered not a word to any of them, and did just that: he sacrificed his camel and called for his barber, who shaved his head. When his followers saw this, they stood up, sacrificed their camels, and each began shaving the head of the other, nearly killing each other out of remorse.
2.3.9
ثم جاءه نسوة مؤمنات، فأنزل الله يٰأَيـُّهَا الّذين آمَنُوا إِذَا جَاءَكُمُ الْمُؤْمِنَـاتُ مُهَاجِرَاتٍ حتّى بلغ بِعِصَمِ الْكَوَافِرِ. فطلّق عمر يومئذ امرأَتين كانتا في الشرك، فتزوّج إحدَهما معاوية بن أبي سفيان والأخرى صفوان بن أميّة.
Afterward, believing women came to the Prophet, and God revealed:
«You who believe! Test the believing women who come to you as emigrants—God knows best about their faith—and if you are sure of their belief, do not send them back to the disbelievers: they are not lawful wives for them. Give the disbelievers whatever bride gifts they have paid—if you choose to marry them, there is no blame on you once you have paid their bride gifts—and do not yourselves hold on to marriage ties with the unbelieving women.»68
And on that very day ʿUmar ibn al-Khaṭṭāb divorced two women who had remained polytheists. One of them was subsequently married