A Guide to the Scientific Career. Группа авторов
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What Is a Letter to the Editor? 61.2 How to Approach Writing a Letter to the Editor 61.3 What Happens When Your Letter Has Been Accepted? Further Reading 62 Writing a Book Review 62.1 Introduction 62.2 Strategy for Crafting Book Reviews 62.3 Negative and Positive Book Reviews 62.4 Editorial Guidance 62.5 Checklist for Writing a Book Review References 63 Use of Illustrations and Figures to Enhance Scientific Presentations and Publications 63.1 Introduction 63.2 What Is Medical Illustration? 63.3 Types of Illustrations 63.4 Illustrations and Research Design 63.5 Sourcing Illustrations 63.6 Collaborations 63.7 Conclusion Further Reading 64 How to Prepare Supplemental Materials for Scientific Publications 64.1 Introduction 64.2 Definition of Supplemental Materials 64.3 How to Decide What Is Supplementary 64.4 Types of Supplemental Materials and How to Prepare Them 64.5 Online Storage and Access 64.6 Conclusions References 65 Reference‐Management Software 65.1 Introduction 65.2 Situational Example 65.3 What Is on the Market? 65.4 What to Expect from an RMS 65.5 Working in Collaboration and Sharing 65.6 In‐Computer versus Cloud 65.7 All Is Well? What Does the Future Hold? References Further Reading
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Section IX: Biostatistics
66 Basic Statistical Analysis for Original Studies
66.1 Introduction
66.2 Measures of Central Tendencies
66.3 Types of Data
66.4 Distribution of Data
66.5 Transformation (Normalization) of Data
66.6 Measures of Variability
66.7 P‐Value and its Importance
66.8 Outliers
66.9 Various Statistical Tests and their Uses
66.10 Nonparametric Tests
66.11 Statistical Power
66.12 Determination of Sample Size
66.13 Establishing a Statistical Relationship
66.14 Interpretation of Interactions
66.15 Determination of Statistical Causality
66.16 Adjustment of Covariates in Clinical Trials
66.17 Statistical Software Packages
Acknowledgments
References
Further Reading
67 An Overview of Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
67.1 Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses
67.2 Structure of a Meta‐Analysis
67.3 Role of Meta‐Analysis in Evidence‐Based Medicine
67.4 Critical Appraisal Sheet for Systematic Reviews
References
68 An Introduction to Meta‐Analysis
68.1 Introduction
68.2 Step One: Frame a Study Question
68.3 Step Two: Search the Literature and Conduct Initial Screening
68.4 Step Three: Conduct Risk of Bias Appraisal of Full Texts
68.5 Step Four: Abstract Data from Individual Studies
68.6 Step Five: Assess Whether the Studies Are Homogeneous
68.7 Step Six: Conduct Fixed Effects or Random Effects Meta‐analysis and Perform Sensitivity Analyses
68.8