Principles of Plant Genetics and Breeding. George Acquaah
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Supplementary Chapter 1
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Supplementary Chapter 2
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Abdullah A. Jaradat
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Acquaah, George. Bowie State University, Bowie, MD, 20715, USA
Akromah, Richard. Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST), Kumasi, Ghana
Asfaw, Asrat. International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Ibadan, Nigeria
Ashok Kumar, A. International Crops Research Institute for the Semi‐Arid Tropics, Patancheru, Hyderabad 502 324, TS, India
Asiedu, Robert. International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Ibadan, Nigeria
Bai, Yuling. Wageningen UR Plant Breeding, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
Bétran, Javier. Bayer Crop Science
Bradshaw, John. James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, DD2 5DA, UK
Burton, Joseph W. USDA Plant Science Building, 3127 Ligon Street, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA
Charles Simpson, Texas A & M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
Ceccarelli, Salvatore. Independent Consultants, Corso Mazzini 256, 63100, Ascoli Piceno, Italy
Chalyk, Sergey. Institute of Genetics Academy of Sciences of Moldova, Chisinau, Moldova
Coffman, Ronnie. Director, International Programs, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences (IP CALS), Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14850, USA
Danquah, Eric Yirenkyi. International Programmes, University of Ghana, Ghana
Darkwa, Kwabena. International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Ibadan, Nigeria
van Eck, Herman J. Laboratory for Plant Breeding, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
Einarson, Stefan. Transnational Learning, International Programs College of Argiculture and Life Sciences (IP CALS), Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14850, USA
Ewool, Manfred Bondzie. Crops Research Institute, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CRI‐CSIR), Fumesua, Ghana
Gaur, P.M. International Crops Research Institute for the Semi‐Arid Tropics, Patancheru, Hyderabad 502 324, TS, India
Govindaraj, M. International Crops Research Institute for the Semi‐Arid Tropics, Patancheru, Hyderabad 502 324, TS, India
Gramazio, Pietro. Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1‐1‐1 Tennodai, 305‐8572, Tsukuba, Japan
Grando, S. Independent Consultants, Corso Mazzini 256, 63100, Ascoli Piceno, Italy
Gupta, S.K. International Crops Research Institute for the Semi‐Arid Tropics, Patancheru, Hyderabad 502 324, TS, India
Hammer, K. Institute of Crop Science, Agrobiodiversity Department, University Kassel, Steinstr. 19, D‐37213 Witzenhausen, Germany
Heuser, F. Institute of Crop Science, Agrobiodiversity Department, University Kassel, Steinstr. 19, D‐37213 Witzenhausen, Germany
Hingane, A. International Crops Research Institute for the Semi‐Arid Tropics, Patancheru, Hyderabad 502 324, TS, India
Igwe, David Okeh. Department of Natural Sciences, Bowie State University, Bowie, MD, 20715, USA
Irish, Brian M. USDA‐ARS, TARS Mayaguez, PR, USA
Janila, P. International Crops Research Institute for the Semi‐Arid Tropics, Patancheru, Hyderabad 502 324, TS, India
Jaradat, Abdullah A. ARS‐USDA Research Lab, Morris, MN, 56267, USA
Jeuken, Marieke. Wageningen UR Plant Breeding, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
Keim, Don L. Delta and Pine Land, MS, USA
Kena, Alexander Wireko. Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST), Kumasi, Ghana
Khoshbakht, K. Institute of Crop Science, Agrobiodiversity Department, University Kassel, Steinstr. 19, D‐37213 Witzenhausen, Germany
Kindiger, Bryan. USDA‐ARS, Grazinglands Research Laboratory, 7207 West Cheyenne St., El Reno, Oklahoma, 73036, USA
Myers McClung, Anna. USDA‐ARS, Rice Research Unit, 1509 Aggie Dr., Beaumont, Texas, 77713, USA
Novy, Richard. USDA‐Agricultural Research Service, Aberdeen, ID, USA
Offei, Samuel Kwame. School of Agriculture, University of Ghana, Ghana
Osano, Anne. Natural Sciences Department, Bowie State University, Bowie, MD, 20715, USA
Plazas, Mariola. Instituto de Conservación y Mejora de la Agrodiversidad Valenciana, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera 14, 46022 Valencia, Spain
Rooney, William. Texas A & M University, College Station, TX, USA
Sajja, S. International Crops Research Institute for the Semi‐Arid Tropics, Patancheru, Hyderabad 502 324, TS, India
Samineni, S. International Crops Research Institute for the Semi‐Arid Tropics, Patancheru, Hyderabad 502 324, TS, India
Smith, James. USDA‐ARS Crop Genetics and Production Research Unit, Stoneville, MS, USA
Teklu, Y. Institute of Crop Science, Agrobiodiversity Department, University Kassel, Steinstr. 19, D‐37213 Witzenhausen, Germany
Thomas, W.T.B. James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, DD2 5DA, UK
Ude, George Nkem. Department of Natural Sciences, Bowie State University, Bowie, MD, 20715, USA
Section 1 Overview and historical perspectives
Chapter 1 Introduction
Chapter 2 History of plant breeding
It is informative for students of plant breeding to have a historical perspective of the discipline. Understanding the timeline of advances in one's discipline is instructive in itself. It helps the student to put current advances in plant breeding in the proper perspective, appreciating the challenges and opportunities along the way as professionals contributed to knowledge in the discipline.
Purpose and expected outcomes
Agriculture is the deliberate planting and harvesting of plants and herding animals. This human invention has and continues to impact society and the environment. Plant breeding is a branch of agriculture that focuses on manipulating plant heredity to develop new and improved plant types for use by society. People in society are aware and appreciative of the enormous diversity in plants and plant products. They have preferences for certain varieties of flowers and food crops. They are aware that whereas some of this variation is natural, humans with special expertise (plant breeders)