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sgRNA Designer Guide RNA design based on efficiency score http://broadinstitute.org/rnai/public/analysis‐tools/sgrna‐design Doench et al. (2014)

Several plant species have been edited using CRISPR/Cas system, including rice, wheat (Shan et al. 2013b; Upadhyay et al. 2013), sorghum (Jiang et al. 2013), tobacco (Li et al. 2013), Arabidopsis (Fauser et al. 2014; Feng et al. 2014; Li et al. 2013), Brassica napus (Kang et al. 2018), watermelon (Tian et al. 2018), etc. (Table 1.2). Moreover, dCas9 can be fused with various epigenetic regulatory factors which can modulate DNA acetylation/methylation, post‐ translational histone modification, ubiquitination and protein sumoylation and phosphorylation to carry out epigenetic modifications (Shrestha et al. 2018; Yamamuro et al. 2016). This has been more recently explored in Arabidopsis for demethylation (Gallego‐Bartolomé et al. 2018).

Table 1.2 List of examples of genes edited by CRISPR Cas system in various plant species.

Plant system	Gene	Description of Experiment	References
Arabidopsis thaliana	GSS21/2	Host adaptation against P. xylostella	Chen et al. (2020)
Rice	EPFL9	a positive regulator of stomatal development	Yin et al. (2017)
	OsDEP1 OsROC5 OsPDS	Carotenoid biosynthesis, leaf morphology	Tang and Tang (2017)
	OsDL and OsALS	loss of midrib in the leaf blade	Endo et al. (2016)
	OsPDS, OsBEL	Herbicide resistant and Nutritional improvement	Xu et al. (2017)
	OsRLK, OsBEL	receptor‐like kinases	Wang et al. (2017)
	OsPDS OsDL	Herbicide resistant and loss of midrib in the leaf blade	Tang et al. (2019)
	OsERF922	Enhanced resistance to blast disease	Wang et al. (2016)
	GW2, GW5, and TGW6	Improvement of grain weight	Xu et al. (2016)
	ALS	Enhanced herbicide resistance	Sun et al. (2016)
	SBEIIb and SBEI	Generation of high amylose rice	Sun et al. (2017)
	Hd 2, Hd 4, and Hd 5	Early maturity of rice varieties	Li et al. (2017)
	OsMATL	Induction of haploid plants	Yao et al. (2018)
	ALS	Herbicide resistance	Butt et al. (2017)
	EPSPS	Herbicide resistance	Li et al. (2016)
	ALS	Herbicide resistance	Endo et al. (2016)
	Gn1a, GS3, DEP1	Enhanced yield, dense erect panicles	Li et al. (2016)
	LAZY1	Tiller‐spreading	Miao et al. (2013)
	OsSWEET13	Bacterial blight resistance	Zhou et al. (2015)
	OsDEP1 OsROC5	Herbicide resistant	Yao et al. (2018)
Soybean	FAD2‐1A, FAD2‐1B	Biosynthesis of lipids	Kim et al. (2017)
	ALS	Herbicide resistance	Li et al. (2015)
	GmPDS11&18	Carotenoid Biosynthesis	Du et al. (2016)
Tobacco	FAD2‐1A, FAD2‐1B	Lipid biosynthesis	Kim et al. (2017)
	NtPDS and NtPDR6	etiolated leaves for the psd mutant and more branches for the pdr6 mutant	Gao et al. (2015)
Cotton	Cloroplastos alterados (GhCLA)	Photosynthesis	Li et al. (2019)
	CABs, replication associated protein (Rep) and non‐coding intergenic regions (IR), a‐Satellite Rep and b‐Sat IR.	CLCuD associated Begomoviruses (CABs) and Helper begomoviruses a and b satellites.	Iqbal et al. (2016), Uniyal et al. (2019)
Ashbya gossypii	HIS3, ADE2, TRP1, LEU2 and URA3	auxotrophic markers	Jiménez et al. (2020)
Maize	Maize glossy2 gene	Cuticular wax deposition	Lee et al. (2019)
	ARGOS8	Novel variants of ARGOS8 for drought‐tolerance	Shi et al. (2017)
	ALS	Herbicide resistance	Svitashev et al. (2015)
	ZmIPK	Reduction of anti‐nutritional compound phytic acid	Liang et al. (2014)
	TMS5	Thermosensitive male‐sterile	Li et al. (2017)
Wheat	MLO	Скачать книгу В начало<9101112131415161718>В конец