1 Chapter 1Table 1.1 Organs for histologic evaluation in Echinodermata.Table 1.2 Cuticular layers in echinoderms (Holland).

      2 Chapter 2Table 2.1 Organs for histologic evaluation in Porifera.

      3 Chapter 3Table 3.1 Tissues, structures, and cells for histologic evaluation in cnidari...

      4 Chapter 4Table 4.1 Organs for histologic evaluation in Gastropoda.

      5 Chapter 5Table 5.1 Organs for histologic evaluation in Cephalopoda.

      6 Chapter 6Table 6.1 Organs for histologic evaluation in Bivalvia.

      7 Chapter 7Table 7.1 Organs for histologic evaluation in Annelida.

      8 Chapter 8Table 8.1 Organs for histologic evaluation in Arachnida.

      9 Chapter 9Table 9.1 Organs for histologic evaluation in Merostomata.

      10 Chapter 10Table 10.1 Organs for histologic evaluation in Merostomata.

      11 Chapter 11Table 11.1 Organs for histologic evaluation in decapods.

      12 Chapter 12Table 12.1 Organs for histologic evaluation in Insecta.

      1 Chapter 1Figure 1.1 Representative image of the aboral (a) and oral (b) surface of a ...Figure 1.2 Representative image of the aboral (a) and oral (b) surface of a ...Figure 1.3 Image of a white sea urchin (Tripneustes ventricosus) demonstrati...Figure 1.4 Representative image of the ventral (a) and lateral (b) aspects o...Figure 1.5 Gross necropsy image (a) of a bat star (Patiria miniata) open at ...Figure 1.6 Gross necropsy images of urchin open at necropsy. Images include ...Figure 1.7 Gross necropsy images of a California giant sea cucumber opened a...Figure 1.8 Low‐magnification image of the histology of the body wall of an (...Figure 1.9 Histology of the epidermis of a sunflower sea star (Pycnopodia he...Figure 1.10 Low‐magnification image of the histology of a sunflower sea star...Figure 1.11 Higher magnification image of the histology of an ochre sea star...Figure 1.12 Histology of the base of a white sea urchin spine at the ball an...Figure 1.13 Histology of white sea urchin appendages including pedicellaria ...Figure 1.14 Histology of the madreporite (a) and stone canal (b) in a mottle...Figure 1.15 Histology of the water vascular (radial) canal in a white urchin...Figure 1.16 Histology of a tube foot in a mottled star. 25×, HE. C, connecti...Figure 1.17 Histology of the cardiac (a) stomach in a mottled star (100×, HE...Figure 1.18 Histology of the pyloric cecae of a mottled star. 25×, HE.Figure 1.19 Histology of the large intestine of a white urchin. 200×, HE.Figure 1.20 Low‐magnification histology of anatomy of Aristotle's lantern in...Figure 1.21 Axial gland in a white urchin. 400×, HE.Figure 1.22 Tiedmann's body in a mottled star. 100×, HE.Figure 1.23 Histology of gills (papulae) in a white urchin showing epidermal...Figure 1.24 Histology of the ventral nerve cord (N) in a mottled star. 100×,...Figure 1.25 Histology of the ovary (a) in a Caribbean thorny star, and testi...Figure 1.26 Nutritive support cells in the gonad of a sand dollar. 100×, HE....

      2 Chapter 2Figure 2.1 Gross anatomy. (a) Scheme of sponge organization; black arrows: w...Figure 2.2 The ectosome, dermal membrane, and cortex. (a) Semithin section o...Figure 2.3 Cuticle, exopinacoderm, and pores. (a) Histologic section of Aply...Figure 2.4 Cells of the internal environment. (a) Lophocyte of Chondrilla sp...Figure 2.5 Mesohyl cellular strands of Aplysina cavernicola. (a) General vie...Figure 2.6 Types of aquiferous systems in sponges. (a) Asconoid aquiferous s...Figure 2.7 Inhalant aquiferous system. (a,b) Ostia and inhalant canals lined...Figure 2.8 Choanocyte chambers. (a) Syconoid choanocyte chambers in Sycettus...Figure 2.9 Skeleton. (a) Inorganic skeleton (SiO₂) of Haliclona sp. with reg...Figure 2.10 Reproduction, female. (a) Oviparous gonochoric sponge Aplysina c...Figure 2.11 Follicle. (a) Beginning of follicle development in Oscarella nic...Figure 2.12 Tissue modification during sexual reproduction in Halisarca duja...

      3 Chapter 3Figure 3.1 Cnidarian body forms: polyp and medusa.Figure 3.2 Gross anatomy of a scleractinian polyp from an imperforate coral....Figure 3.3 Overview of key structures in a polyp from the scleractinian cora...Figure 3.4 Gross anatomy of an octocoral (gorgonian polyp).Figure 3.5 Subgross photomicrograph of a sea pen (order Pennatulacea). The e...Figure 3.6 Undecalcified Acropora cervicornis section prepared using resin e...Figure 3.7 Acropora cervicornis tissue section with aragonite skeleton disso...Figure 3.8 Diagram showing the surface body wall of a scleractinian