Camping in the high alpine near Marmot Pass (Hike 82)

      Spring fades into the lovely summer, which is brief in the high country—a succession of sunny days, cool in the morning, warm in the afternoons. Clouds often gather during the day, when cumulus masses float around the higher peaks, only to dissipate with the approach of night. Occasionally they develop into thunderheads accompanied by lightning and heavy showers, but this is unusual.

      The balmy days of autumn, known as Indian summer, add a delightful touch to the close of summer, and with regard to pleasant hiking weather, the Olympics are at their best during this season. This is a beautiful time in the high country, often heralded by a definite chill in the air. The days are warm, seldom hot, with an abundance of sunshine mellowed by cool breezes. The atmosphere has an almost indescribable quality—an essence akin, perhaps, to that of an exotic wine, intensified by the stillness, the buzzing of bees, the murmur of distant brooks. The vagrant winds rustle the brown grasses and remind one that winter is lurking in the wings, soon to rush onstage.

      Down in the lowland forests the maples turn scarlet and gold, brilliant against the dark green of the conifers, and the slim trunks of the alders stand starkly white beside the streams. On high, exposed meadows huckleberry bushes glow like purple beacons, and the hiker is likely to see bears gorging on the fruit. Nights become longer and crisper, and the stage is set for snowfall when the first storms arrive.

      At this time of year the sun dips behind the western ridges early, and the nights are cold enough to kill most of the insects; thus one may not have to contend with mosquitoes, flies, gnats, and yellow jackets. The fish are hungry because they have few bugs upon which to feed. Consequently, anglers are usually successful during this season. On cloudless nights the stars shine brightly above the dark silhouettes of the mountains, heavy frost sparkles on the grass and heather, and before dawn skims of ice edge the pools and lakes.

      Backpackers who delight in hiking through the high country at this season should bear in mind that the days are shorter than they are in midsummer, and that darkness arrives early. They should also be prepared for lengthy sessions in their sleeping bags. Not only are the nights longer, they are also colder, and the chilly morning air is not conducive to early rising. Well-equipped hikers illuminate their tents with candle lanterns and have reading material available. They also take plenty of warm clothes. They will meet fewer people on the trails—in fact, at times no one—and thus are strictly on their own and should be prepared to cope with sudden storms, which might leave the trail covered with snow.

      The Olympics are not blessed with Indian summer every year, and sometimes the high country undergoes a sudden transition from summer to winter. Usually, however, one can expect several weeks of fine autumn weather, perhaps broken now and then by an early storm. In fact, during this seasonal transition the weather pattern is variable and changes quickly. One day the skies are sunny, the air redolent with the odors of fall; the next, the sun has disappeared and ragged clouds scud across the skies, trailing rain as they move inland.

      Snow usually begins to fall in the high country in October, the autumn storms drenching the lowlands with rain and whitening the peaks and ridges left barren by the summer sun. Although the snow often melts on warm succeeding days, especially on exposed southern slopes, this frosting of the mountaintops signals the approach of winter, when gray clouds roll in relentlessly from the Pacific, releasing heavy rain on the lowlands and snow at the higher elevations. As the weather becomes colder, the snow line descends the mountainsides. The high peaks now stand isolated, seldom disturbed by humans. On clear mornings the peaks appear to have been chiseled from marble; thus they contrast vividly with the green forests and the blue skies. But during the storms, when the wind howls through the canyons, the peaks are hidden behind a veil of clouds.

      The snowpack usually reaches its maximum depth in late winter. On the windward side of the mountains, this may be 30 to 40 feet on the higher peaks, an accumulation that leads to heavy avalanches in the springtime.

      BEFORE YOU GO

      When traveling in the Olympic Mountains, every hiker should carry the Ten Essentials. The point of this list, originated by The Mountaineers, has always been to answer two basic questions: Can you prevent emergencies and respond positively should one occur (items 1–5)? And can you safely spend a night—or more—outside (items 6–10)? Use this list as a guide and tailor it to the needs of your outing.

      1.Navigation

      2.Headlamp

      3.Sun protection

      4.First aid

      5.Knife

      6.Fire

      7.Shelter

      8.Extra food

      9.Extra water

      10.Extra clothes

      You should also consider these hiking safety tips from the Olympic Mountain Rescue organization, before you go.

      Tell someone. Leave a note that lists your trailhead, vehicle description, departure time, travel route, anticipated arrival time back home, and emergency contacts. Sometimes hikers get home a little later than expected; so let your party know that if you are not home at the exact time predicted, not to panic or immediately call 911. They should allow a reasonable buffer time prior to contacting authorities.

      Check the weather. Get a weather forecast for the area but be prepared for anything, since the Olympics are notorious for extreme weather changes. Sunshine can turn to a blizzard within minutes.

      Know first aid. Be up-to-date on your basic first-aid skills, and consider taking a Wilderness First Aid or Wilderness First Responder course.

      In an emergency. If you or a hiking partner have an emergency in the mountains involving an injury and are unable to get out, first make sure the injured party is comfortable, then assess what is wrong. Note landmarks that may be useful in describing your location. If it is clear that the injured party is unable to walk, call 911. If there isn’t reception—and many places in the Olympic Mountains do not have reception—get to a place with service. The person taking the call will initiate a search and rescue event, which may involve sheriff ’s deputies, national park staff, and search and rescue teams. Be aware, however, that it can take multiple hours for a rescue party to reach the injured party. Carrying a cell phone or a satellite beacon can greatly speed up the process of communicating the details of an incident to those who can provide help. When considering a satellite beacon, if possible choose a model which features two-way texting features so that the authorities can communicate directly with you.

       A NOTE ABOUT SAFETY

      Safety is an important concern in all outdoor activities. No guidebook can alert you to every hazard or anticipate the limitations of every reader. Therefore, the descriptions of roads, trails, routes, and natural features in this book are not representations that a particular place or excursion will be safe for your party. When you follow any of the routes described in this book, you assume responsibility for your own safety. Under normal conditions, such excursions require the usual attention to traffic, road and trail conditions, weather, terrain, the capabilities of