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total: 14,691 km

       border countries: Argentina 1,224 km, Bolivia 3,400 km, Colombia

       1,643 km, French Guiana 673 km, Guyana 1,119 km, Paraguay 1,290 km,

       Peru 1,560 km, Suriname 597 km, Uruguay 985 km, Venezuela 2,200 km

      Coastline:

       7,491 km

      Maritime claims: contiguous zone: 24 NM territorial sea: 12 NM continental shelf: 200 NM or to edge of the continental margin exclusive economic zone: 200 NM

      Climate:

       mostly tropical, but temperate in south

      Terrain:

       mostly flat to rolling lowlands in north; some plains, hills,

       mountains, and narrow coastal belt

      Elevation extremes:

       lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m

       highest point: Pico da Neblina 3,014 m

      Natural resources:

       bauxite, gold, iron ore, manganese, nickel, phosphates, platinum,

       tin, uranium, petroleum, hydropower, timber

      Land use: arable land: 6.3% permanent crops: 1.42% other: 92.28% (1998 est.)

      Irrigated land:

       26,560 sq km (1998 est.)

      Natural hazards:

       recurring droughts in northeast; floods and occasional frost in

       south

      Environment - current issues:

       deforestation in Amazon Basin destroys the habitat and endangers a

       multitude of plant and animal species indigenous to the area; there

       is a lucrative illegal wildlife trade; air and water pollution in

       Rio de Janeiro, Sao Paulo, and several other large cities; land

       degradation and water pollution caused by improper mining

       activities; wetland degradation; severe oil spills

      Environment - international agreements:

       party to: Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-Marine Living

       Resources, Antarctic Seals, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate

       Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered

       Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the

       Sea, Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship

       Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling

       signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

      Geography - note:

       largest country in South America; shares common boundaries with

       every South American country except Chile and Ecuador

      People Brazil

      Population:

       182,032,604

       note: Brazil took a count in August 2000, which reported a

       population of 169,799,170; that figure was about 3.3% lower than

       projections by the US Census Bureau, and is close to the implied

       underenumeration of 4.6% for the 1991 census; estimates for this

       country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality

       due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant

       mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and

       changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would

       otherwise be expected (July 2003 est.)

      Age structure:

       0–14 years: 27.1% (male 25,151,855; female 24,196,506)

       15–64 years: 67.2% (male 60,667,014; female 61,683,580)

       65 years and over: 5.7% (male 4,232,784; female 6,100,865) (2003

       est.)

      Median age:

       total: 27 years

       male: 26.2 years

       female: 27.7 years (2002)

      Population growth rate:

       1.15% (2003 est.)

      Birth rate:

       17.67 births/1,000 population (2003 est.)

      Death rate:

       6.13 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)

      Net migration rate:

       −0.03 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2003 est.)

      Sex ratio:

       at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female

       under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female

       15–64 years: 0.98 male(s)/female

       65 years and over: 0.69 male(s)/female

       total population: 0.98 male(s)/female (2003 est.)

      Infant mortality rate:

       total: 31.74 deaths/1,000 live births

       female: 27.68 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)

       male: 35.61 deaths/1,000 live births

      Life expectancy at birth:

       total population: 71.13 years

       male: 67.16 years

       female: 75.3 years (2003 est.)

      Total fertility rate:

       2.01 children born/woman (2003 est.)

      HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate:

       0.7% (2001 est.)

      HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS:

       610,000 (2001 est.)

      HIV/AIDS - deaths:

       8,400 (2001 est.)

      Nationality:

       noun: Brazilian(s)

       adjective: Brazilian

      Ethnic groups:

       white (includes Portuguese, German, Italian, Spanish, Polish) 55%,

       mixed white and black 38%, black 6%, other (includes Japanese, Arab,

       Amerindian) 1%

      Religions:

       Roman Catholic (nominal) 80%

      Languages:

       Portuguese (official), Spanish, English, French

      Literacy:

       definition: age 15 and over can read and write

       total population: 86.4%

       male: 86.1%

       female: 86.6% (2003 est.)

      Government Brazil

      Country name:

       conventional long form: Federative Republic of Brazil

       conventional short form: Brazil

       local short form: Brasil

       local long form: Republica Federativa do Brasil

      Government type:

       federative republic

      Capital:

       Brasilia

      Administrative divisions:

       26 states (estados, singular - estado) and 1 federal district*

       (distrito federal); Acre, Alagoas, Amapa, Amazonas,

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