---

Скачать книгу

---

northern Mozambique

      Geographic coordinates: 12 10 S, 44 15 E

      Map references: Africa

      Area:

       total: 2,170 sq km

       land: 2,170 sq km

       water: 0 sq km

      Area—comparative: slightly more than 12 times the size of

       Washington, DC

      Land boundaries: 0 km

      Coastline: 340 km

      Maritime claims: exclusive economic zone: 200 nm territorial sea: 12 nm

      Climate: tropical marine; rainy season (November to May)

      Terrain: volcanic islands, interiors vary from steep mountains to low hills

      Elevation extremes: lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m highest point: Le Kartala 2,360 m

      Natural resources: NEGL

      Land use:

       arable land: 35%

       permanent crops: 10%

       permanent pastures: 7%

       forests and woodland: 18%

       other: 30% (1993 est.)

      Irrigated land: NA sq km

      Natural hazards: cyclones possible during rainy season (December to April); Le Kartala on Grand Comore is an active volcano

      Environment—current issues: soil degradation and erosion results from crop cultivation on slopes without proper terracing; deforestation

      Environment—international agreements:

       party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered

       Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection

       signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

      Geography—note: important location at northern end of Mozambique

       Channel

      People

      Population: 562,723 (July 1999 est.)

      Age structure:

       0–14 years: 43% (male 120,397; female 119,945)

       15–64 years: 54% (male 150,851; female 154,990)

       65 years and over: 3% (male 7,878; female 8,662) (1999 est.)

      Population growth rate: 3.11% (1999 est.)

      Birth rate: 40.29 births/1,000 population (1999 est.)

      Death rate: 9.23 deaths/1,000 population (1999 est.)

      Net migration rate: 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1999 est.)

      Sex ratio:

       at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female

       under 15 years: 1 male(s)/female

       15–64 years: 0.97 male(s)/female

       65 years and over: 0.91 male(s)/female

       total population: 0.98 male(s)/female (1999 est.)

      Infant mortality rate: 81.63 deaths/1,000 live births (1999 est.)

      Life expectancy at birth: total population: 60.85 years male: 58.39 years female: 63.38 years (1999 est.)

      Total fertility rate: 5.43 children born/woman (1999 est.)

      Nationality: noun: Comoran(s) adjective: Comoran

      Ethnic groups: Antalote, Cafre, Makoa, Oimatsaha, Sakalava

      Religions: Sunni Muslim 86%, Roman Catholic 14%

      Languages: Arabic (official), French (official), Comoran (a blend

       of Swahili and Arabic)

      Literacy:

       definition: age 15 and over can read and write

       total population: 57.3%

       male: 64.2%

       female: 50.4% (1995 est.)

      Government

      Country name:

       conventional long form: Federal Islamic Republic of the Comoros

       conventional short form: Comoros

       local long form: Republique Federale Islamique des Comores

       local short form: Comores

      Data code: CN

      Government type: independent republic

      Capital: Moroni

      Administrative divisions: three islands; Grande Comore

       (Njazidja), Anjouan (Nzwani), and Moheli (Mwali)

       note: there are also four municipalities named Domoni, Fomboni,

       Moroni, and Moutsamoudou

      Independence: 6 July 1975 (from France)

      National holiday: Independence Day, 6 July (1975)

      Constitution: 20 October 1996

      Legal system: French and Muslim law in a new consolidated code

      Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal

      Executive branch:

       chief of state: Interim President TADJIDDINE Ben Said Massounde

       (since 6 November 1998); note—President Mohamed TAKI Abdulkarim died

       in office 6 November 1998 and was succeeded by Interim President

       MASSOUNDE

       head of government: Prime Minister Abbas DJOUSSOUF (since 22

       November 1998)

       cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president

       elections: president elected by popular vote to a five-year term;

       election last held 16 March 1996 (next to be held NA); prime

       minister appointed by the president

       election results: Mohamed TAKI Abdulkarim elected president; percent

       of vote—64%

       note: the Comoran constitution stipulates that upon the death of the

       president, a new president is to be elected within 90 days; however,

       Interim President TADJIDDINE has stated that a new election cannot

       be held until Anjouan is reunited with the rest of the country

      Legislative branch: bicameral legislature consists of the Senate

       (15 seats; members selected by regional councils for six-year terms)

       and a Federal Assembly or Assemblee Federale (43 seats; members

       elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms)

       elections: Federal Assembly—last held 1 and 8 December 1996 (next to

       be held NA)

       election results: Federal Assembly—percent of vote by party—NA;

       seats by party—RND 39, RND candidate running as independent 1, FNJ 3

      Judicial branch: Supreme Court or Cour Supremes, two members are

       appointed by the president, two members are elected by the Federal

       Assembly, one by the Council of each island, and former presidents

       of the republic

      Political parties and leaders: Rassemblement National pour le

       NA]

       note: under a new constitution ratified in October 1996, a two-party

       system was established; former President Mohamed TAKI Abdulkarim

       called

---

Скачать книгу