The 1999 CIA World Factbook. United States. Central Intelligence Agency

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The 1999 CIA World Factbook - United States. Central Intelligence Agency


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broadcast stations: AM 1, FM 1, shortwave 1

      Radios: 13,000 (1994 est.)

      Television broadcast stations: 2 (in addition, eight low-power repeaters provide good coverage on the island of Rarotonga) (1997)

      Televisions: 3,500 (1995 est.)

      Transportation

      Railways: 0 km

      Highways: total: 187 km paved: 35 km unpaved: 152 km (1980 est.)

      Ports and harbors: Avarua, Avatiu

      Merchant marine:

       total: 1 cargo ship (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 2,310 GRT/2,181 DWT

       (1998 est.)

      Airports: 7 (1998 est.)

      Airports—with paved runways: total: 1 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 (1998 est.)

      Airports—with unpaved runways:

       total: 6

       1,524 to 2,437 m: 3

       914 to 1,523 m: 3 (1998 est.)

      Military

      Military—note: defense is the responsibility of New Zealand, in consultation with the Cook Islands and at its request

      Transnational Issues

      Disputes—international: none

      ======================================================================

      @Coral Sea Islands————————

      Geography

      Location: Oceania, islands in the Coral Sea, northeast of

       Australia

      Geographic coordinates: 18 00 S, 152 00 E

      Map references: Oceania

      Area:

       total: less than 3 sq km

       land: less than 3 sq km

       water: 0 sq km

       note: includes numerous small islands and reefs scattered over a sea

       area of about 1 million sq km, with the Willis Islets the most

       important

      Area—comparative: NA

      Land boundaries: 0 km

      Coastline: 3,095 km

      Maritime claims: exclusive fishing zone: 200 nm territorial sea: 3 nm

      Climate: tropical

      Terrain: sand and coral reefs and islands (or cays)

      Elevation extremes: lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m highest point: unnamed location on Cato Island 6 m

      Natural resources: NEGL

      Land use:

       arable land: 0%

       permanent crops: 0%

       permanent pastures: 0%

       forests and woodland: 0%

       other: 100% (mostly grass or scrub cover)

      Irrigated land: 0 sq km (1993)

      Natural hazards: occasional, tropical cyclones

      Environment—current issues: no permanent fresh water resources

      Environment—international agreements: party to: NA signed, but not ratified: NA

      Geography—note: important nesting area for birds and turtles

      People

      Population: no indigenous inhabitants note: there is a staff of three to four at the meteorological station

      Government

      Country name:

       conventional long form: Coral Sea Islands Territory

       conventional short form: Coral Sea Islands

      Data code: CR

      Dependency status: territory of Australia; administered from

       Canberra by the Department of the Environment, Sport and Territories

      Legal system: the laws of Australia, where applicable, apply

      Executive branch: administered from Canberra by the Department of the Environment, Sport and Territories

      Diplomatic representation in the US: none (territory of Australia)

      Diplomatic representation from the US: none (territory of

       Australia)

      Flag description: the flag of Australia is used

      Economy

      Economy—overview: no economic activity

      Communications

      Communications—note: there are automatic weather relay stations on many of the isles and reefs relaying data to the mainland

      Transportation

      Ports and harbors: none; offshore anchorage only

      Military

      Military—note: defense is the responsibility of Australia; visited regularly by the Royal Australian Navy; Australia has control over the activities of visitors

      Transnational Issues

      Disputes—international: none

      ======================================================================

      @Costa Rica—————

      Introduction

      Background: Costa Rica declared its independence from Spain in 1821. After a turbulent beginning it inaugurated an era of peaceful democracy in 1889, subsequently interrupted only twice, by a dictatorial interlude in 1917–19 and an armed uprising in 1948. Increasing the role of the private sector while maintaining the government's social safety net and keeping under control the budget deficit, unemployment, and inflation are key current issues.

      Geography

      Location: Middle America, bordering both the Caribbean Sea and the North Pacific Ocean, between Nicaragua and Panama

      Geographic coordinates: 10 00 N, 84 00 W

      Map references: Central America and the Caribbean

      Area:

       total: 51,100 sq km

       land: 50,660 sq km

       water: 440 sq km

       note: includes Isla del Coco

      Area—comparative: slightly smaller than West Virginia

      Land boundaries: total: 639 km border countries: Nicaragua 309 km, Panama 330 km

      Coastline: 1,290 km

      Maritime claims: exclusive economic zone: 200 nm territorial sea: 12 nm

      Climate: tropical; dry season (December to April); rainy season

       (May to November)

      Terrain: coastal plains separated by rugged mountains

      Elevation extremes: lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m highest point: Cerro Chirripo 3,810 m

      Natural resources: hydropower

      Land use:

       arable land: 6%

       permanent crops: 5%

       permanent pastures: 46%

       forests and woodland: 31%

       other: 12% (1993 est.)

      Irrigated land: 1,200 sq km (1993 est.)

      Natural hazards: occasional earthquakes, hurricanes along Atlantic coast; frequent flooding of lowlands at onset of rainy season; active volcanoes

      Environment—current


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