English Economic History: Select Documents. Various
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demised at farm to our men of Hemingford our manor of Hemingford from Michaelmas in the eighth year of the reign of King Edward, son of King Henry, at the beginning of the ninth, until the end of seven years next following, for 40l. sterling to be paid to us therefrom yearly at the four terms, to wit, at Michaelmas 10l., on St. Andrew's Day[121] 10l., at the Annunciation[122] 10l. and at Midsummer 10l.
Our aforesaid men shall hold the aforesaid manor with all its appurtenances, except the gift of the church when it fall vacant, and our fishery, and the mill, which we have kept in our hand.
Also they shall have all profits of the town except our tallages, sheriff's aid, hundred aid, "wardpenys," and scutage of the lord the King, and except the issues of causes which cannot be determined without us or our bailiffs, of the issue whereof they shall have a moiety, and except view of frankpledge[123] and the Maunde acre and the acres of the reeve of Ramsey.
And be it known that if any customary tenant die without heir of his body, we will demise his land and his messuage to whomsoever we will and keep in our hand the gersum[124] arising thence.
Also no customary tenant shall make fine for relieving or marrying his daughters without our presence, but their gersums shall be made before us in the presence of the reeves or any of the farmers, who shall have and collect the said money towards their farm.
Nor may the said farmers demise house or land to any stranger or one of another's homage, without our special licence.
For we will that such gersums beyond the fixed farm be entirely paid to us.
Moreover the said farmers have received the following stock:—
The corn grange full of corn on either side the door by the door posts and by the beams beyond the door, and so sloping to the roof of the granary.
They have received also the oat barn full of oats by the east door post.
The breadth of the grange was 28 feet within, the length 39 feet, and the east end of the grange is round; the height in the middle is 19 feet; and at the side from the door to the curve of the round end the length of the wall is 30 feet, the height 5½ feet.
They have received also a heap of barley 36 feet in length, 11 feet in breadth, 11 feet in height, and 18 feet in breadth in the middle.
Moreover they shall be quit of a serjeant[125] in autumn every year except in the last year, in which they shall have a serjeant, by whose view, according to the custom of the abbey, the stock shall be made up.
They shall also be quit of our yearly lodging due, except that as often as we shall come there they shall find for us salt, straw and hay without an account.
And at the end of the seven years they shall render to us the aforesaid manor with the stock with which they received it.
Also they shall give back the land well ploughed twice.
And be it known that the fruits which were then in the barn ought to be counted for the first year, because they were of our stock.
In witness of which demise of the land and the manor we have caused our seal to be set to this present writing.[126]
[121] November 30.
[122] March 25.
[123] In law every man was forced to be in frankpledge, that is, to be one of a group, each member of which was responsible for the others' good behaviour. The 'view' was a half yearly survey of such groups, at which offences were presented and punished.
[124] Fine.
[125] i.e. Free from the inspection and audit of the lord's officer.
[126] This document is of great interest as an instance of an early stock-and-land lease.
6. Grant of a Manor by a Lord To the Customary Tenants at Fee Farm [Patent Roll, 6 Edward III, p. 2, m. 27], ante 1272.
The King to all to whom, etc., greeting. We have inspected a writing which Richard, sometime earl of Cornwall, made to his customary tenants of his manor of Corsham in these words:—
To all to whom the present writing shall come, Richard, earl of Cornwall, greeting. Know all of you that we have demised and granted and by our present writing confirmed for us and our heirs to all our customary tenants of our manor of Corsham all our manor of Corsham, with the rents, demesnes, meadows, feedings and pastures to the said manor pertaining, saving to us a third part of the meadow of Myntemede, which third part the said customary tenants shall mow, carry and cock at their own costs, saving also to us the site of our fishpond, our parks, our warren, pleas, perquisites and all escheats which can escheat to us or our successors; to have and to hold to the said customary tenants and their successors of us and of our heirs for ever, for 110 marks to us and our heirs or assigns yearly to be paid to our bailiff in the said manor at two terms of the year, to wit, on the octave of Easter 55 marks and on the octave of Michaelmas 55 marks, for all services and demands to us or to our heirs or assigns belonging, saving to us all the things aforenamed. And we will that our said customary tenants for ever be quit of tallage and view of frankpledge and all other customs and services to us or to our heirs pertaining. Our aforesaid customary tenants, however, have granted for them and their successors that, if they keep not this covenant according to the form of the present writing, all their tenements which they hold of us shall revert to us and our heirs without any contradiction, if it be through them that the form of this writing be not kept. We will also and we grant that if any of our said customary tenants of our said manor of Corsham be rebellious, contravening the form of this writing, our bailiff for the time being shall have power to distrain him by lands and chattels to observe more fully all the things abovesaid according to the tenour of this writing. And in witness thereof we have caused our seal to be set to this writing. These witnesses:—Sir Richard de Turry, Sir Sampson de la Bokxe, Sir Henry Crok, Sir Philip de Eya, Walter Galun, then bailiff, Martin de Hortham, Sir Gilbert, then prior of Corsham, Richard de Cumberwell, Ralph, then vicar of Corsham, and others.[127]
And we, ratifying and approving the demise, grant and confirmation aforesaid, grant and confirm them for us and our heirs, as far as in us lies, to the aforesaid customary tenants and their successors, as the writing aforesaid reasonably testifies, and as they now hold the manor aforesaid with the appurtenances, and they and their ancestors and predecessors have held that manor hitherto, and have reasonably used and enjoyed the liberties aforesaid, saving to us a third part of the said meadow of Myntemede and the site of the fishpond, the parks, warren, pleas, perquisites and all escheats abovesaid, as is aforesaid. In witness whereof, etc. Witness the King at Woodstock, 1 July. By a fine of 5 marks. Wilts.
[127] The date of the original deed must be earlier than 1272, in which year the earl died.
7. Lease of Manorial Holdings [Fine Roll, 10 Edward III, m. 7], 1332.
The King to all to whom, etc., greeting. We have inspected a writing which John late earl of Cornwall, our brother, now deceased, made in these words:
John,