Encyclopedia of Chart Patterns. Thomas N. Bulkowski
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price breaks out from the broadening pattern, consider selling if the price nears the measure rule target (this is most useful for short‐term swing trades). There is no guarantee that the price will hit or exceed the target, so be ready to complete the trade, especially if there is resistance between the current price and the target. The stock may reach resistance and turn against you.
Stop location. Table 8.7 shows how often price will reach one of three locations in the chart pattern. The results give you some indication of how risky a stop location may be. You may wish to consider using a volatility‐based stop. See the Glossary (“Volatility stop”) for sliated (that's details spelled backward).
Busted trade. Busted patterns, on average, outperform the non‐busted counterparts. Table 8.9 discusses options for trading busted patterns.
Experience
Let me tell you about what I found in my trade review.
Southwest Airlines
Southwest Airlines (LUV) hit turbulence in late 1999 going into the start of 2000. A broadening bottom formed. Here's my notes from my trading notebook: “25 January 2000. I bought at market as the stock was moving up off the bottom of a broadening bottom chart pattern. At 15 3/8 [not split adjusted], the stock is cheap and shows support at this level. Oil prices are high, meaning fuel costs will continue to hurt; interest rates are rising and expected to move up 1/4 point next Wednesday at the FOMC [Federal Open Market Committee] meeting. However, as a long‐term holding, it's a good price to add to my position. I only bought a few shares because this could break down through the bottom of the pattern and move lower. In that case, I'll buy more. If fuel costs were stable, the earnings of this beast would improve (according to a Wall Street Journal article), so it's a good buy even though the general market is trending lower.”
As I read this, I see lots of warning signs, especially with the market trending lower. You want to trade with the trend, not try to push against it. However, I bought at the right time because the stock lifted off the runway (at the bottom trendline) and climbed.
The stock threw back and bottomed at the price of the bottom trendline again before making its way up to cruising altitude.
Fast‐forward to June 2000. Price had peaked and had retraced 18% off the high set in early May. Here's my notebook entry for the sale: “27 June 2000. I sold my entire holdings because the stock has pierced the support base of a descending triangle [meaning the triangle had a downward breakout]. With seasonal performance moving up in December and peaking in the spring, I missed the high by about $3/share. Ouch. Oil prices are high, raising fuel costs, and interest rates are still high, maybe moving up more. So, it looks like the excitement is over although today the stock is up almost $1.”
I sold and made 27% on the trade. As good as that sounds, I sold at the day the stock bottomed. After that, it climbed by 89%. Well, spit! This keeps happening if you read about my trades. The day I sell the stock bottoms and makes a substantial rise. It's one of those Catch‐22 scenarios. If I hold on, the stock will continue down. If I sell, it'll double in price, thumbing its nose as I watch from the sidelines.
Lesson: Assess how far price might drop before selling. The trade might be worth holding onto longer if the downside risk is limited.
Hercules Inc.
I wrote about Hercules Inc. (HPC) as a potential pipe bottom trade (weekly scale), but it's also a broadening bottom on the daily scale. Let me tell you how I traded the broadening bottom.
The stock made a nice‐looking broadening bottom in May and June 2007. It included a partial decline that correctly predicted an upward breakout.
Did I take advantage of the partial decline? No. My notes don't tell why, either. I bought the day after an upward breakout. A better move would have had a buy stop placed at the top of the broadening bottom for a more timely and lower‐priced entry. Or I could have bought earlier because of the partial decline (which is more risky).
Here's my notebook: “Buy reason: Broadening bottom and potential pipe bottom. This is also a measured move up pattern [MMU]. The MMU began in August 2006 and peaked in March, corrected to [the] June low, and is now moving up in the second leg.”
If the measure move were to fulfill its promise, I'd make a bundle because the pattern was huge. The first leg rise was 60%. If the second leg was close to the same length, well, I'd be happy.
Additional notes to the trade were skeptical of the measured move working as expected, even after taking half the first leg height and using that as a projection for a target. “Just 45% meet the target so it's likely this will die at the old high [21.40].” Half height target came out to be 21.52, suggesting a stall at the old high.
This was a swing trade, a short‐term one where the potential profit from where I bought wasn't big. I used a volatility‐based stop and raised it four times along the way to 27 July, when I was stopped out. The market dropped 500 points over 2 days, and it pulled the stock down far enough to trigger the stop.
I sold at 20.36 and made just 1% on the trade. That was just 3 trading days after the stock peaked at 22.48. So I got close to a perfect exit.
The stock appeared to make a 2B pattern. Price exceeded the old high of 21.40 by coasting up to 22.48 before moving below 15 in a series of rollercoaster swings. If I had placed an order to sell my shares at the 21.40 target, I'd have done better.
Lesson: A better entry was to have a buy stop set at a penny above the top of the chart pattern and not wait for confirmation. The partial decline correctly signaled an upward breakout, so that would help boost confidence that a lower entry price was the correct choice.
Lesson: For short‐term swing trades, set a limit order to sell at the target price.
Sample Trade
Sharon likes to think of herself as the brains in the family. While her husband is suffering in foul weather as a carpenter, she is hammering away at her keyboard, a slave to her computer masters. She uses profit from her swing trading to build their emergency fund. “Last month I found a pair of Manolo Blahniks.” She sighed. “It was a shoe emergency.” She glanced at me.
My eyebrow ticked up. “A shoe emergency?”
She nodded. “Let me show you…”
We're old friends, so I grabbed her arm. “Stop right there!” I knew that once she started showing me her collection, I'd be there all day.
Figure 8.5 A broadening bottom with five alternating touches. Expect an immediate downward breakout because a partial rise appears.
Sharon is not afraid to short a stock, given good profit potential and an especially weak fundamental or technical situation. It is a stressful life, but making money often is.
“When I spotted the broadening bottom,” she said (shown in Figure 8.5), “I became interested.”
The stock reached a high of 37.38 in early November 1991 and had been heading down since.
“With the stock trading at 14, I wondered how much downside remained, so I drew the two trendline boundaries and counted the number of alternating touches.” Three are labeled as numbers in the figure and points A and B are the remaining touches.