Infectious Disease Management in Animal Shelters. Группа авторов

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Infectious Disease Management in Animal Shelters - Группа авторов


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(2017). An observational study of the relationship between Capacity for Care as an animal shelter management model and cat health, adoption and death in three animal shelters. Veterinary Journal 227: 15–22.

      8 King, L.J. (1985). Unique characteristics of the National Animal Disease Surveillance System. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 186: 35–39.

      9 Knaflic, C.N. (2015). Storytelling with Data, 1e. Hoboken: Wiley.

      10 Koret Shelter Medicine (2015). Calculating shelter capacity information sheet. http://www.sheltermedicine.com/library/resources/calculating‐shelter‐capacity. (accessed 12 April 2017).

      11 Langmuir, A.D. (1963). The surveillance of communicable diseases of national importance. New England Journal of Medicine 268: 182–192.

      12 National Animal Care and Control Association (NACA) (2014). Determining kennel staffing levels resource sheet. https://www.nacanet.org/determining‐kennel‐staffing‐needs/ (accessed 12 April 2017).

      13 Nelson, K.E. and Williams, C.F. (2007). Infectious Disease Epidemiology, 25–42. Boston: Jones and Bartlett Publishers.

      14 Newbury, S. and Hurley, K. (2013a). Population management. In: Shelter Medicine for Veterinarians and Staff, 2e (eds. L. Miller and S. Zawistowski), 106–110. Ames: Wiley Blackwell.

      15 Newbury, S. and Hurley, K. (2013b). Population management. In: Shelter Medicine for Veterinarians and Staff, 2e (eds. L. Miller and S. Zawistowski), 109–110. Ames: Wiley Blackwell.

      16 Newbury, S., Blinn, M.K., Bushby, P.A. et al. (2010). Guidelines for Standards of Care in Animal Shelters. https://www.sheltervet.org/assets/docs/shelter‐standards‐oct2011‐wforward.pdf (accessed 17 December 2017).

      17 Scarlett, J.M., Greenberg, M., and Hoshizaki, T. (2017a). Every Nose Counts Using Metrics in Animal Shelters. A Maddie’s Guide, 1e, 147–149. CreateSpace.

      18 Scarlett, J.M., Greenberg, M., and Hoshizaki, T. (2017b). Every Nose Counts Using Metrics in Animal Shelters. A Maddie’s Guide, 1e, 92–96. CreateSpace.

      19 Scarlett, J.M., Greenberg, M., and Hoshizaki, T. (2017c). Every Nose Counts Using Metrics in Animal Shelters. A Maddie’s Guide, 1e, 98–106. CreateSpace.

      20 Scarlett, J.M., Greenberg, M., and Hoshizaki, T. (2017d). Every Nose Counts Using Metrics in Animal Shelters. A Maddie’s Guide, 1e, 106–109. CreateSpace.

      21 Tufte, E.D. (2001). The Visual Display of Quantitative Information. Cheshire, CT: Graphics Press.

       Brian A. DiGangi

       American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (ASPCA), New York, NY, USA

       For most diagnoses all that is needed is an ounce of knowledge, an ounce of intelligence, and a pound of thoroughness.

      – Anonymous

      A diagnostic test can be defined as any tool used to obtain information that enables the practitioner to identify a disease or condition. In veterinary medicine, diagnostic tests typically include physical examination findings, information gleaned from interviewing an owner or caretaker, history of the patient and its relatives or cohorts (i.e. anamnesis), and paraclinical findings reported by laboratory tests and imaging studies (Blood and Studdert 1999). Determining the cause of disease enables the veterinarian to prescribe appropriate treatment and render a prognosis. In the face of an infectious disease outbreak, obtaining a diagnosis can guide management decisions to mitigate the impact of the outbreak. Of particular importance in the shelter setting, obtaining a diagnosis also ensures efficient resource allocation and maximizes the quality of life for shelter animals.

      In addition to identifying the cause of an acute or chronic disease, diagnostic testing may also be utilized to identify both animals with subclinical infection and those that are free from infection (Evermann et al. 2012). Such distinctions allow the shelter veterinarian to determine the risk of co‐housing individual animals and to develop rational biosecurity protocols to prevent the introduction and spread of disease within the shelter environment.

      Diagnostic tests for infectious diseases can be broadly categorized as direct or indirect. Direct testing methodologies rely on detection of the pathogen itself (e.g. culture, polymerase chain reaction [PCR]), while indirect testing methodologies focus on detecting the body's response to the pathogen or disease process (e.g. antibody testing, biochemical profile). It is important for the practitioner to understand the testing modality that is being used, as well as its limitations. For example, direct testing methods do not necessarily indicate whether the pathogen identified is dead or alive, nor can they always quantify the severity of the disease. Similarly, indirect testing methods often cannot distinguish between current or previous exposure to a pathogen or active disease.

      Supplies

      Syringes (1 cc, 3 cc)

      Needles (21–25 gauge (g) x 1″)

      Blood collection tubes (Sterile “red top,” EDTA “purple top”)

      Microhematocrit capillary tubes and tube sealant pad

      Microscope slides

      Romanowsky‐type stain (e.g. Diff‐Quik, Siemens Healthcare Diagnostics Ltd., Deerfield,


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