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Have Heard of a Fast-Track Clinic for Graves’ Orbitopathy Patients: What Is That?

       What Can I Expect when Starting a Combined Thyroid-Eye Clinic?

       References

       Thyroid Treatment

      Hegedüs, L.; Brix, T.H. (Odense)

       Do the Eyes Care How Euthyroidism Is Obtained and Maintained?

       Are There Criteria for Preferring One of the Treatment Options for Hyperthyroidism over the Others in Graves’ Orbitopathy?

       Can Risk Factors Which Predict Appearance or Worsening of Graves’ Orbitopathy after Radioiodine Be Identified?

       Should the Presence of Graves’ Orbitopathy Restrict Our Use of Radioiodine Therapy?

       Does Avoiding Transient Hypothyroidism following Radioiodine Therapy Affect the Course of Graves’ Orbitopathy?

       What Is the Role of Total Thyroid Ablation in the Management of Hyperthyroidism in Graves’ Orbitopathy?

       Conclusions

       References

       Management of Mild Graves’ Orbitopathy

      Marcocci, C.; Rocchi, R. (Pisa)

       Which Parameters Should Be Taken into Account to Define a Clinically Evident Graves’ Orbitopathy as Mild?

       Are Mild Forms Likely to Progress to More Severe Graves’ Orbitopathy?

       Is a “Wait-and-See” Policy Justified in Patients with Mild Graves’ Orbitopathy?

       Are Low-Dosage Oral Steroids Advisable or Is Orbital Radiotherapy Preferable?

       What Is the Rationale for Antioxidant Therapy like Selenium in Graves’ Orbitopathy?

       References

       Management of Moderately Severe Graves’ Orbitopathy

      Kahaly, G.J. (Mainz)

       How Is Moderately Severe Graves’ Orbitopathy Defined?

       Is Immunosuppression Indicated in Moderately Severe Graves’ Orbitopathy?

       What Are the Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Steroid Anti-Inflammation and Immunosuppression?

       What Are the Results of Randomized Trials with Steroids?

       What Are the Results of Randomized Trials Using Orbital Radiotherapy?

       Do You Favour Combined Steroid/Radiotherapy?

       What Are the Results of Randomized Trials Using Non-Steroid Immunosuppressants?

       What Are the Results of Randomized Trials Using Somatostatin Analogues?

       How Should a Diabetic or Hypertensive Patient with Moderately Severe Graves’ Orbitopathy Be Treated?

       What Should You Do if Steroids Fail?

       What Is the Optimal Thyroid Treatment in Patients with Graves’ Hyperthyroidism and Moderately Severe Active Graves’ Orbitopathy?

       What Are the Actual Evidence-Based Therapeutic Recommendations for Patients with Moderately Severe Graves’ Orbitopathy?

       What Were the Recommendations of the EUGOGO Consensus Statement for the Management of Moderately Severe Graves’ Orbitopathy?

       What Do the ETA/EUGOGO Guidelines for the Management of Graves’ Orbitopathy Recommend?

       Acknowledgements

       References

       Novel Immunomodulatory Treatment Modalities

      Lane, L.C.; Perros, P.; Pearce, S.H.S. (Newcastle upon Tyne)

       Why Look for New Immunomodulatory Treatments?

       What Are the Targets for Potential Novel Therapies?

       Rituximab

       What Are the Most Likely Targets for Therapeutic Intervention?

       Should Clinicians Be Cautious about Trying Novel Immunomodulators?

       References

       Management of Very Severe Graves’ Orbitopathy: Dysthyroid Optic Neuropathy and Corneal Breakdown

      Boschi, A. (Brussels); Currò, N. (Milan)

       How Do You Define Dysthyroid Optic Neuropathy?

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