Bovine Reproduction. Группа авторов

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Bovine Reproduction - Группа авторов


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      Lameness involving the distal limb usually has a traumatic origin. Most often, acute and severe lameness can be attributed to a severe concussive force, entanglement or entrapment of the lower limb within a fence or handling device, or foreign body penetration of the skin with invasion of deeper structures. Young cattle are predisposed to joint sepsis due to hematogenous spread of bacteria from the umbilicus, digestive tract, or lungs in times of general immune compromise [11].

Photo depicts sole view of interdigital fibroma. Notice the ulceration that has occurred due to contact with the ground. Photo depicts sequestrum formation of the lateral cortex of MTIII in a yearling.

      Sepsis of the superficial and/or deep digital flexor tendon is usually due to traumatic injury (laceration of the caudal pastern or heel bulb area) or due to extension of deep infection from a chronic hoof rot lesion. Parenteral antibiotics alone will not resolve this problem; surgical drainage is performed and a drain placed from the pastern, through the tendon sheath and above the dewclaw. Extensive and chronic sepsis may require complete resection of the superficial and deep flexor tendons, after which partial closure with packing and drain placement is a must. Active or passive lavage may be provided, with several bandage changes required to resolve the issue. The drain should be removed in five to seven days. Apply a hoof block to the non‐affected claw and cast the limb to the carpus or tarsus to alleviate pain and allow better ambulation. After four weeks the cast may be removed. Some deep digital flexor tendons may spontaneously rupture after treatment, which will cause the patient to walk on the heel bulb.

      Lameness associated with the shoulder or elbow joint is often caused by trauma and can have a significant impact on ambulation. Non‐weight‐bearing lameness usually equates to serious injury such as a fractured scapula or fracture of the olecranon. A lesser degree of lameness may be observed with subchondral cysts or ligamentous injuries to supportive structures. Intra‐articular anesthetics may temporarily improve lameness but rarely resolve all of the pain during examination. Treatment of these joints is usually relegated to the use of intra‐articular injections unless surgical repair is financially feasible, for example compression plating of a fractured olecranon.

      The carpus is probably the least affected large joint in beef cattle. Most lameness associated with this joint occurs in bucking bulls. Degenerative joint disease is observed in older bucking stock due to chronic hyperextension of the carpus when the bull “goes vertical.” This condition responds fairly well for a time to intra‐articular injections of anti‐inflammatories and the administration of NSAIDs.

Photo depicts mature bred female experiencing upward fixation of the patella. Notice hyperextension and flexion of the fetlock with dragging of the toe.
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