1 Chapter 1Table 1.1 Selenium contamination status in Indian States.

      2 Chapter 2Table 2.1 Recommended daily nutrient requirement of selenium (μg/d) as per WH...

      3 Chapter 3Table 3.1 Drinking water and surface water limits of different countries (EPA...

      4 Chapter 4Table 4.1 Presence of Se (mg/kg) in different foods of different countries.Table 4.2 RDI of selenium ingestion for different animals.Table 4.3 Se toxicity in poultry birds.

      5 Chapter 5Table 5.1 List of health‐associated selenoproteins with known functions.Table 5.2 Case histories of selenium toxicity.

      6 Chapter 6Table 6.1 Excessive selenium concentrations in the environment (He et al. 201...Table 6.2 Selenium monitoring parameters for drinking water and effluent disc...

      7 Chapter 7Table 7.1 The summarized different type of electrodes with correspondence the...Table 7.2 The summarized different type of electrodes including their corresp...

      8 Chapter 8Table 8.1 Selenium species and their occurrence in the environment.Table 8.2 Selenium species and their occurrence in the environment.

      9 Chapter 9Table 9.1 Different biosensors for selenium detection and their properties.

      10 Chapter 10Table 10.1 Various physical and chemical methods used for the removal of Se.

      11 Chapter 11Table 11.1 Different selenium species existing in the environment.Table 11.2 Methods/media for treatment/reduction of selenium from water/waste...

      12 Chapter 12Table 12.1 Treatment technologies utilizing bacterial species for the treatme...Table 12.2 Transgenic plants for the phytoremediation of Se.

      13 Chapter 13Table 13.1 Nanomaterials reported for selenium removal.

      14 Chapter 14Table 14.1 Summary of conventional and innovative remediation methods.

      15 Chapter 15Table 15.1 Main selenium resources and its average concentration.Table 15.2 All membrane types used by Chabane et al.

      16 Chapter 17Table 17.1 Various uses of selenium.Table 17.2 Significance of different sources for selenium pollution.

      1 Chapter 1Figure 1.1 Emerging research field for selenium removal technologies publish...Figure 1.2 Selenium research publication trends.Figure 1.3 Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and Deep Learning mech...Figure 1.4 Representative most influential publications for selenium removal...Figure 1.5 Upper panel: word dynamics for India. Lower panel: word dynamics ...

      2 Chapter 2Figure 2.1 E‐pH diagram of selenium in soils

      3 Chapter 3Figure 3.1 Global refinery production for 2018 and 2019 (USGS 2020).Figure 3.2 Global consumption of Se (USGS 2020).

      4 Chapter 4Figure 4.1 (a and b) Symptoms of selenosis in pigs (unthriftiness (a) and se...Figure 4.2 (a) The liver section of poultry birds that had ingested selenium...Figure 4.3 (a) Alopecia; (b) pad lesions; (c) sternal position; (d) hypertro...

      5 Chapter 5Figure 5.1 Schematic representation of selenium cycle in the environment.Figure 5.2 Beneficial effect of selenium in humans.Figure 5.3 Classification based on Se accumulation.Figure 5.4 Beneficial effect of Se in plants.

      6 Chapter 6Figure 6.1 Major selenium source discharges, biomagnification, and environme...Figure 6.2 Schematic diagram of advanced analytical practices available to s...Figure 6.3 Series of selenium concentrations in different aquatic mining eff...Figure 6.4 Different methods for elimination of selenium from contaminated w...Figure 6.5 Schematic diagram displaying process outlines and addition techno...

      7 Chapter 7Figure 7.1 Sources of selenium pollution in aquatic systems.Figure 7.2 Schematic illustration of the working principle of a voltammetric...Figure 7.3 Effect of various sensing factors at 50 ppb selenium (IV) concent...Figure 7.4 Electrochemical response of bare GCE and GCE‐in 5 mM [Fe(CN)₆]^3−/...

      8 Chapter 8Figure 8.1 (a) International scenario of selenium toxicity (Lemly 2004) and ...Figure 8.2 Health effects of selenium toxicity based on concentration.Figure 8.3 UV/Vis Spectral and color change due to change in morphology of s...Figure 8.4 (a) Change in PL spectra of CQDs with respect to increasing selen...

      9 Chapter 9Figure 9.1 Classification of biosensors on the basis of recognition/biologic...

      10 Chapter 10Figure 10.1 Schematic description of different forms of selenium.Figure 10.2 Graphical illustration of different techniques available for the...Figure 10.3 Osmotic pressure in a reverse osmosis (RO) system.Figure 10.4 (a) Percentage Se removal and adsorption capacity (mg/g) with be...Figure 10.5 (a) Conversion of Se (VI) as a function of time over different t...Figure 10.6 (a) Graphical illustration of electrochemical removal of selenat...

      11 Chapter 11Figure 11.1 Selenium cycle in the environment.Figure 11.2 (a) Adsorption of Se(IV), selenite ions with co‐existing competi...Figure 11.3 Effect of competing ions on Se(IV) adsorption (a) V(V), vanadium...Figure 11.4 Response surface method (RSM) analysis concerning Se(VI) abateme...Figure 11.5 Abatement of different contaminants including Se from FGD using ...

      12 Chapter 12Figure 12.1 Simplified representation of the biochemical cycle of selenium a...Figure 12.2 Schematic representation of Se uptake by algal cells and their