Western Philosophy. Группа авторов
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of the subject, owing to the editor’s skilful provision of introductory material and notes. Judiciously annotated lists of supplementary readings further enhance the value of this outstanding volume.’ Vere Chappell, University of Massachusetts
‘In this anthology the highly respected philosopher John Cottingham has assembled 100 classic selections from Plato to Parfit. Done with care and considerable expertise the result is arguably the best single-volume introduction to the writings of Western philosophy.’ John Haldane, University of St Andrews
‘A truly outstanding collection. An excellent course book which doubles as a solid reference volume. The clarity of the commentary makes these classic readings vivid and accessible to students.’ George Graham, University of Alabama
‘By providing the means to appreciate philosophy as the great historical odyssey of the human intellect, this ambitious anthology makes philosophy come alive for students and general readers alike.’ David Cooper, University of Durham
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Contents
1 Cover
5 Edition
7 Preface
9 Guidance for Readers and Format of the Volume
10 Introductory Essay: How to Read a Philosophical Text and How to Write about It
11 Part I Knowledge and CertaintyChapter 1: Innate Knowledge Plato, MenoChapter 2: Knowledge versus Opinion Plato, RepublicChapter 3: Demonstrative Knowledge and Its Starting points Aristotle, Posterior AnalyticsChapter 4: New Foundations for Knowledge René Descartes, MeditationsChapter 5: The Senses as the Basis of Knowledge John Locke, Essay Concerning Human UnderstandingChapter 6: Innate Knowledge Defended Gottfried Leibniz, New Essays on Human UnderstandingChapter 7: Scepticism versus Human Nature David Hume, Enquiry Concerning Human UnderstandingChapter 8: Experience and Understanding Immanuel Kant, Critique of Pure ReasonChapter 9: From Sense-certainty to Self-consciousness Georg Hegel, Phenomenology of SpiritChapter 10: Beliefs Judged by Their Practical Effects William James, What Pragmatism MeansChapter 11: Against Scepticism G. E. Moore, A Defence of Common SenseChapter 12: Does Empirical Knowledge Have a Foundation? Wilfrid Sellars, The Myth of the Given
12 Part II being and realityChapter 1: The allegory of the cave plato, RepublicChapter 2: individual substance aristotle, CategoriesChapter 3: supreme being and created things rené descartes, Principles of PhilosophyChapter 4: qualities and ideas john locke, Essay Concerning Human UnderstandingChapter 5: substance, life and activity gottfried leibniz, New SystemChapter 6: nothing outside the mind george berkeley, Principles of Human KnowledgeChapter 7: the limits of metaphysical speculation david hume, Enquiry Concerning Human UnderstandingChapter 8: metaphysics, old and new immanuel kant, ProlegomenaChapter 9: reality as flux alfred whitehead, Process and Reality, and Science and the Modern WorldChapter 10: being and involvement martin heidegger, Being and TimeChapter 11: the end of metaphysics? rudolf carnap, The Elimination of MetaphysicsChapter 12: the problem of ontology w. v. o. quine, On What There Is
13 Part III Language and MeaningChapter 1: The Meanings of Words Plato, CratylusChapter 2: Language and Its Acquisition Augustine, ConfessionsChapter 3: Thought, Language and Its Components William of Ockham, Writings on LogicChapter 4: Language, Reason and Animal Utterance René Descartes, Discourse on the MethodChapter 5: Abstract General Ideas John Locke, Essay Concerning Human UnderstandingChapter 6: Particular Ideas and General Meaning George Berkeley, Principles of Human KnowledgeChapter 7: Denotation versus Connotation John Stuart Mill, A System of LogicChapter 8: Names and Their Meaning Gottlob Frege, Sense and ReferenceChapter 9: Definite and Indefinite Descriptions Bertrand Russell, Introduction to Mathematical PhilosophyChapter 10: Meaning and Use Ludwig Wittgenstein, The Blue and Brown BooksChapter 11: Non-descriptive Uses of Language J. L. Austin, Performative UtterancesChapter 12: How the Reference of Terms is Fixed Saul Kripke, Naming and Necessity
14 Part IV Mind and BodyChapter 1: The Immortal Soul Plato, PhaedoChapter 2: Soul and Body, Form and Matter Aristotle, De AnimaChapter 3: The Human Soul Thomas Aquinas, Summa TheologiaeChapter 4: The Non-material Mind or Soul and Its Relation to the Body René Descartes, Discourse and MeditationsChapter 5: The Identity of Mind and Body Benedict Spinoza, EthicsChapter 6: Mind–Body Correlations Nicolas Malebranche, Dialogues on MetaphysicsChapter 7: Body and Mind as Manifestations of Will Arthur Schopenhauer, The World as Will and IdeaChapter 8: The Problem of Other Minds John Stuart Mill, An Examination of Sir William Hamilton’s PhilosophyChapter 9: The Hallmarks of Mental Phenomena Franz Brentano, Psychology from an Empirical StandpointChapter 10: The Myth of the ‘Ghost in the Machine’ Gilbert Ryle, The Concept of MindChapter 11: Mental States as Functional States Hilary Putnam, Psychological PredicatesChapter 12: The Subjective Dimension of Consciousness Thomas Nagel, What is it Like to be a Bat?
15 Part V The Self and Freedom(a) The SelfChapter 1: the self and consciousness John locke, Essay Concerning Human UnderstandingChapter 2: the self as primitive concept Joseph butler, Of Personal IdentityChapter 3: the self as bundle David hume, A Treatise of Human NatureChapter 4: the partly hidden self Sigmund freud, Introductory Lectures on PsychoanalysisChapter 5: liberation from the self Derek parfit, Reasons and PersonsChapter 6: selfhood and narrative understanding Charles taylor, Sources of the Self(b) FreedomChapter 7: human freedom and divine providence augustine, The City of GodChapter 8: freedom to do what we want Thomas hobbes, Liberty, Necessity and ChanceChapter 9: free will as the power of rational agency Thomas reid, Essays on the Active Powers of ManChapter 10: absolute determinism Pierre-Simon de laplace, Philosophical Essay on ProbabilityChapter 11: condemned to be free Jean-Paul sartre, Being and NothingnessChapter 12: Freedom, Responsibility and the Ability to Do Otherwise Harry G. Frankfurt, Alternate Possibilities and Moral Responsibility
16 Part VI God and ReligionChapter 1: God Cannot Be Thought Not to Exist Anselm of Canterbury, ProslogionChapter 2: The Five Proofs of God Thomas Aquinas, Summa TheologiaeChapter