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number of replications or blocks mean annual precipitation Topography (e.g., flat, rolling hills, glacial moraine), slope % soil type site size characteristic climate descriptor (e.g., temperate moist) Major Land Resource Area^a soil texture plot size Native vegetation bulk density treatments Drainage pH study duration (or start/end dates) soil C, N, P, and K Rainfed or irrigated water‐holding capacity Management Tillage Crop system Agricultural amendments Crop management Livestock Type crop(s) type method animal species Depth crop rotation active ingredient residue management animal class Frequency cropping history rate planting data (crop, cultivar) date, rate, depth, method, row spacing, cultivar) stocking rate Date cover crop purpose cover crop management (crop, cultivar, date, rate, depth, method, row spacing, termination method and date, biomass) grazing duration Organic yes/no application method yield date biomass return rate Sampling What When Where How Analysis plant, soil, air date slope position sample preparation sampling method time of day relative to vegetation sample storage brief description or detailed if new or novel if applicable plant growth stage depth citation GPS coordinates

^a https://catalog.data.gov/dataset/major‐land‐resource‐areas‐mlra.

      Soil Characterization

      Soil characterization includes providing a taxonomic description of the typical or most common soil(s) within the experimental site. Inclusion of the taxonomic system is needed for international comparisons. Soil type (e.g., Barnes clay loam), soil texture (sand, silt, and clay contents), typical pH, and bulk density are common soil characteristics, preferably by depth increments. Soil chemistry data include soil C (total, organic, and/or inorganic), soil N (total, NO₃, and NH₄), and other plant‐essential nutrients (e.g., P and K). Topographic information can be at a broad‐scale site level but can also have much finer granularity related to sampling for response variables. When appropriate, the hillslope position should be noted.

      Experimental Descriptors

      Experimental descriptors include experimental design (e.g., randomized complete block, split plot), number of replications or plots, study area, plot size, and treatments.

      Climate and Weather

      Climatic data include long‐term information such as mean annual temperature and mean annual precipitation. It is also useful to include climate characterization descriptors (Kottek, Grieser, Beck, Rudolf, & Rubel, 2006). Finer granularity of climatic data can also be useful, noting if the region experiences freeze–thaw cycles. Weather data might be as simple as noting the location of the nearest weather recording station, while including a link can be especially useful to the modeling community.

      Management

Management includes soil, crop, and residue management, cropping related amendments, harvest, and animal management. Within the context of an experiment, management parameters might be considered metadata or treatment data. For example, if the entire study area is managed with a common tillage method or the same cultivar, it would be management metadata. In contrast, if tillage systematically varies across a study based on the selected experimental design, the management is an experimental treatment.

      Tillage

      When describing tillage, vague terminology like conventional or conservation should be avoided or if used, these terms need to be clearly described by delineating the implement, mode of soil movement (e.g., inversion tillage), depth, tillage frequency, and the date tillage event(s) occur.

      Cropping

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